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2/28/1949 - Communist “Administrative Take Over” of Peiping by A. Doak Barnett

INSTITUTE OF CURRENT V ORLD AFFAIRS AD3 Ca Huung Peiping February Waler S Rogers Institute Curren World Afairs Fifth Avenue New York Dear Rogers Yesterday I dubious distinction appearing official C9mmunis newspaper Peiping Peoples Daily I lised along sixteen various naion liies American Ausraliam Swiss Swedish Dutch Chinese corresponden conribu foreign agencies papers The names appended order issued Peiping Control Commission which during present military period which defined foreign agencies newspapermn forbidden activities Apparently hinking sufficiently clear Commission added sending dispacaes gathering forbidden This official lowering bamboo curtain Peiping entirely unexpected I became clear after Commnnis entry Communis foreign observers persona I unclear until yesterday accord definite policy clear whether policy Communiss effective prevented foreigners fully reporting curren developments foreigners except perhaps handful Commniss ranks weher consuls newspapermen businessmen sudens alked single rardaing Commnnis leader since Nor sllowed inner sanctum single imporan Cmmunis office Een demons rations bounds curious foreigners since Communiss arrival In innumerable Commnis gradually isolated foreigners Cinese couniZy Conmnnis hemseles Becaus inside Communis akeoer Piping ousider myself Along foreigners eiping I endur frusra being knowing precious little Nonetheless certain aspects akover clear prson fringe I describe impressions akoer priod Tae akeover Peiping alines complete according D_is morning oples Daily licial Commnis properinPiping InroughlyamonZhPipingas liberated consolida rapidly expding erriry roiled Cn cargphers world colori The Communls akeover Of Peiping systematic undramatic bloodless witou violence error flich often accession power revolutionary No violence called because She plucked Furner Chinese Red Army Piping neiSher beginning Shelf military sSruFle merely fursher The solemn Cmmunis roops entered walls January after Vn interregnum lowing Fu Tso peace agreement marched curbs lined civilians unemotional undemonstrative semed neither antipathy entnsiasm raher simple curiosity liberars rulers The Commmnis roops which January Februaryiwereenewgarrisonforces andwheneywerefinaly prearrange arracks Comniss secured Piping military sense eCommunis garrison roops She advance guard after arrlval considere polical administra1Ive bodies functioning On February I Joins Admin raIveOfflce composedof hNaionalis andCoaunis members smsson mapped plans facilia She Sransfer power On ilitary ConSrol Commission which formed previously suburbs People Goveen She municipal auSboriSy officially formally organize Fae Peiping Garrison Headquarters began The Communiss Sakever businesslike She prowess unlike reorganization bankrup corpra The Na1ionalis regime Peiping placed receivership Fu Tso surrender She Naionalis represenaives Join AdmlnisSra1ie Office assigned revealing remaining assess This Offic quickly slipped background The iliSary Control Comatssion receiver supreme local duringbankrup cyproceedings ISsjobwasoSakepossessionofhe Na ionalisSs assess Shen She Peiping People Governmen osher Communis adminisSraie governmensal organs The People Governmen She importan assess personnel previous municipal governmen began function modes The period receivership ended ilitary C9nrol Commission already completed akeoer imporan Na ionalls Peiping Coission probably compleSe Sasks wisher existence The akeovr Peiping Conuuniss Was bviously preceded considerable hough preparaiono Tae process seemedslow followed definite logical paerno Probably because enough raind pliical workers Vo Naionalis organizai9ns institutions simulaneously Communiss proceeded slowly control various bodies according priority raing The organiza affec obvious insrumez power propaganda On February I Nor China D Cen News Agency C enral Broadcasting Sa forme People Daily New China News Agency New China Broadcas Saion Wih chameleon changing color organiza changed propaganda continued operaionso On February police commissioner himself Breau Police became Br Public Saey The commissioner brough along poliCemeno Tae ecors order simply continued Within period however police force disarmed personnel reduced members became rafic responsibili order passed garrison roops The goernmen February andimmediaZelybeganprintingBeeple BanknoZesoreplace Naionalis GYo Preliminary ransform Central China Sank hereafer Thewayinwhichheakeoerohepriningplan accomplished illustrates someofeCommuniss mehods working I described former official Central Bank assisted Comunis politicalworkerin nargeofinancialma ersorPeipingand Tientsin This Sake prining 9fice Central Bank oficial There minute interview charge former deputy manager After conversai Communis There place quickonce askedanumberofquesionsabu9rganizaion pduciom mehods wages deputy manager You knowwhayou redoing You reincharge hessid Hehandedoverhe plaes People Bank ordered cninme normal operaionSo If developments followed procedure organizationseComniss probablylaer installedheirown people bucontinued operaions wihou canges Tae Central Bank 6icial greatly impressed however initial akeoverand byeCommunispoliticalworkerwho carriediou frankness directness knowledge apparen competence ceremony willingness authority decisions energy He sleeps floor Central Bank oficial exclaimed described Peiping Communiss began askeoverofkeyorganizationsbalso carrie ouanintensive sales promotion campaign Once garrison police force monopoly instruments force dealing population whole relied primarily persuasion raner force Tey organized parades meetings propaganda ecniques disposal emselves people The demonstration February The occasion monster victory parade spectacular Thousands eople assembledinhesquaresouhof Chienen efrongaeof Tartar indreds waved colored paper penans scrawled slogans Brass Bands blared Propaganda rucks crawled slowly hrough crowd riing leales everyone Professional dancers wearing opera costumes performed Comnis dance heYangker Rice Transp aning Dance dancewic combines elemenso Big heCarleso andeSag professionslsriedioo clothannerswihCommunisslggns written large characters hgised above crowd l9rrais Tse Chinese Comunis leaders pased agains large paper wereprominenly displayed And rilliau color sanding agains people several crimsoB Commnis flags hamer sickle emblem forming yellow upper corner Teassemblednousandscamenoasindividualsuasgroupsand erefore represemed efecively organized sections population Suden groups goernmenl employees guild labor members ohers urned masse They watched Of joined extremely impressive parade Co liary might For roughly hours Red Army force madeiquieclearo everyonepresenhaheyhadnocaptured Peiping By blufo infantrymen motorized roops armored arillery cavalry equipmen American Japanese poured rough several srees another gable srsam The roops equipped ignly disciplined TaeymaraedhroughhcityunsmilinglyWimeyesronm roderoughsiingonheir vehicleswi Backsalmosassif Bayoneted rifles Bewem knees This lookd diferen demoralized Naionaliss I lookd powerful figing force By parade onlookers impressed Ecp aeorganizedgroups wicurnedouorw ereurne providehisoficialwelcomoeCommunissno manyordinary citizens ohered watch Een among organized spontaneous 9uburs emoiono A happy lucky carnivalamosphereprevailedughouhecrowdand sudens excitedly ensiasic parade noticeably disturb apathy large Peiping populac Waen epored certain foreign correspond aroused neous indignai0n ofboheCom nissamdeirsrongessupporters andforalmos weeks aereafer local press reverberated crimination agains calumny foreign imperalis newspapermen rapturous prais joyous welcome given Coms liberators February demonstrations followed On February Workers 2assMeetingofsizeableprop9rionswasheldneglacis former Legation Quarter field Tso airsripo On February xmendous Liberation Parade eeling Forbidden City Communis laders addressed eopleo For meeting every administrative disric ordered rdinary izens icipaeo addition inmumerale small Slden propada groups srees gavelecrespassedouleafles Thepressdradio oowedreaedirmurableproclamation offici ordersd erisildingup zhemniss olargeCousinforion cenefsweseupdinneagerpolitical workers RedmyolicalDeparmen answered questionsauheCoss drpoliciesCousslogswerepnedIovereplace Posters byheusdswerepas edonWIs srewind wsepne eredsardiao porrai replacedeKuong pointedwesrdCg sportrait neapatheticscons population graduly someng hadeadded Peiping The Commnis akeower liBera1ion uominamg reactionaries American imperialiss andeBeginning New DemocracY people bitterly Kuominang experience sensaion political lieraion A larger number people duringne firsZfew dayselliberated aoreprosaic fromaesringen lockade siege hecrfe frome nousads amionalis soldiers billeted homes Some Commnis roops billeted homes fewer innmberandwereusuallypuinlargehomesofwealthypeople average citizen muchless affectedhanundereatonalisso parades balleyhoo inerrup dramaticbmoreimporanasksofakingovernecity boweer February General Yen Caien eappoine Commnis boron iliary Control Commission 2eople Governmem walked casually municipal gowernmen building informal speech assumed mayor In speech Ye living along gentlemen abouZmunicipalgovernment Henceforthwemusleerromyou umiliZy characZerisic Comniss Zakingover manyorganiaions bueCommuniss hesitateo issuing orders Began learning mildness firs1 official contacts ComunisZs wever surprised pleaed persens whodBeen apprehensive Zhe makeover respecZs Peiping racZed small puppy which Zold meekly During Zae weeks Zakeover Zere almos resisence Zhe Coauniss alaosZ violence Zh Communisso A catalogue daZes which specific organizaZions byeComn would Beo gream ineresZ signiicanceo Suffice included military poliZical economic cullrorgani zaions waicn preiosly under Zhe control Kuominan Zhe CenZral Governmen Zheir adminisralwe provincial local divisionso In addition included organizaZions enzerprises ormerly personal properZy rominen KuominZang leaders Tais properZy ComnisZs label treaucraic capital Goernmen offices comnicazions ransporZ uilii Banks nospivis museums schools factories mines egories placed scheduled placed under Communis managemeno Priwae insiuZions enmerprises excep called breaucraic capial included Zhe Vakeover In Zne akeoer addiZion being ransfer ransfer ownership which goernmenZ Zook possession belonged goernmen In somewha musical chairs The personnel organizaions ogeher Wia names reshuffled changed oYernig organizations continued function before Tere samps ofice moneyaebansandnewnameplatesonhedoors bumhesameoffices adminisra1iwe organizations continued The Couniss carry housecleaning reorganization futare begun slowly cautiously No sovie governmen This fulmre according cmrren doctrine Te major adminis districts reained headed Iy C appein represenatves already fallen disrepute however alhoug carries funciois nobody calls chiao T system namer abolished replaced something after presen ransiional Asesefacs indicate hefirssageofeCommunis Peipinghas beenmild andinasenserBorevolutionarycgeS revolution occurred alhoug clear Comuniss introduce revolionary changes decide For peopleinPeiping donoeenryolookveryfarintoefuure change egime sugar coaed which swallow I difficul predict howeM popular reaction medicine becomes sronger sugar eoaing dispensed I diicul analyse emaly reaction various persons groups I however diehsrds srong vested interests rgime Kuon roops secre service underground opposition Comanisso Almos everyone acceptedeConniss waveofhefuture inChina Teir acceptance various forms however ranging ennsiasic opmimism modsrae hopefulness passive acquiescence cynical resignationOnebasisofmyli itedobservalion I wouldsayha largeparifnohemajorityoprofessors sudens professional workers inellecal ogeher certain labor leaders firsm category enthusiastic believe Communisms Cinao In opinion people numerical majorityo population either moderately hopeful passiwely acquiescen cynically resigned Suden groups invaluable allies Comnniss akeoer period worked energetically I ransform leiping mnisconroll Iprob neCoass wouldhaedadifficulimegeing along ughonly afewsdens aremembers heunisPary alslofaeminPeipingnow accep credo ofewDecracyd essly Snd idealistically assis Couss adion widespreadpropadaacviies wcasBeheirmos imran svice Colonists provided reoir manpowerformnorpoliticalaskswcasbeenparticularlyusel heniSs becauseofneirlacofpoliticalworkers sfive hundredsdensw workforheiliaryConr 1Cossionson afteriwas ywrepu workdoingsuchngsasmng surveys indocrinaionlecreSinsc paodcad helping reeducate eacers primarydgscols whose exoks incidally B ereeeddwsesdens barearouidereading superased Taeydidvarioussrs A exber sldens waned Vo faster Coniss hemselves For example althoug Communiss major public universities Peiping haven introduced sarling innovamions institutions bopublic priva pressureorimmediatec mefromesit dentshem selveo Te sdents reorganized governing bodies ormed enlarged srengtnened Peiping Slden All Cina S1den Assembly scheduled I convene eiping larcm I omorrow Bhe sudens almos oexberam6sui heCommnissaimeso Theauthoritiesflatly forbade sudans demonstration planed During leover period sudens vaca1ion classes scheduled reopen Wen sudying resumes however traditional ofeducaion increased zeading riing rieic rvoluion Te sudens revolution normsl study moion Co mniss awareo remendous scheme mobilize students revolutionary aciviies The Comunis Nor Cina University Poli Universi racing suden established institutions inPeiping Inaddi eComunis savea ppealedos1dmmsin particular newly organized bodies One China People Revolutionary University which training course political workers The Souhgoing Corps Soul going Working Group organizing poliical workers sendinenearfuturewimh heReArmyasitmovessouoelp seover areas Coanis appealed OCO persons groups SUden already responded appeals hundreds perhaps houssnds flocking necessary examina ionso I clear older established educa ional insillions eiping figures already published cmrrecesuden bodies virtually wiped OU relamionship Comaunis andesuden mutual supporo activities given space local Comaunis newspaper single subject people opinions which ficialdailycomelargelyfrosuden groupsao Tse ungandC Teh recently personal saens arousing s1aden ensiasm hComing All Caina Slden Assembly officially sponsored Recen heCommnis s_haegivenaloofpublicityIheir You Corps s1den universi The Commnis placed emphasis imporance arnssing direc energy idealism I policy which seems paying dividends I become increasingly important hermore aseComaniss akeovermoreurbanareas forale houghaesldensarncompe hings ensiam ainly Commniss doing imporan minor jobso The reaction Comanis groups gicula judge because group activer sladen In propaganda oweer organized labor considerable although Peiping laborers prolear aenion hanhe sudens oughe denis Pe iping indusr cerain labor vaguely discernable noneelesa linemf actions plans operating The Commniss replace former Kueminang sVared reorganiz unions exored union priae plans werkers learning I stady iarxism New wrkers encouraged above Democracy increase production revolutionary causo howeer basic union issues collective bargaining beenlle rigasdincreasedwages andin_he leriodduringwlchi impleaened Commnnis labor policy seems Zol similaromofKuonang policy sense approacn unionism labor generally seems primarily poliica raher economco I laborers Peiping reaced Comunis undoube workers respondeO Comniss raise level political consciosness Tae Couniss repea infinitum policy salements propaganda worker peasants increase feeling Of importance dignity among laborers gaess resul workers eipingfeelahe government interested their welfare previous I possible however workers disappointed acular change place earnings If expected millenium place iediaely liberation disappoinmed Because scanty available reports indicate wages being approximael liberaion level presen leaso Cow pared conditions during siege however econotc conditions Peiping improved remendously during MailWay connections Communis errior restored speedily after Couniss Peiping began reopen econo blockade endem prices began follow downward curve Te exchange Naionalisl GY currency Communis JM Jen People Currency sared Fbnary inued 22ndo Six exchange designated differen exchange esablisaed One general GY JM while special complimentary workers grops sdens Up maxiaum person When exchange completed 22rid eGYurnedinadbe_n exchangedaespecialrae accordingo oficial figurus Te public reaction reaction nings skeptical onereasoneingnaenoeswerepoorly prined grade paper rchans Be quoting pries silver dollars large marke B So dollars festered cornero major noroughfaro People wondered hrornoJhadan yeerbsckingnanGYo Thevalueof Jinerm ofsilverdollarsandUoSo encybegano depreciaterapidly andis epreciaing This affec ordinary people however because basic commodities grainJ managed maintain consan value gradually began increase purcas power commodities became entifulo Finally February mourning circulation silver dollars banned alnouga people forced surrender imediae could wished icial regulations appeared regarding foreign reported dollars being discmssed official exchange BoSo In generalhe Commnis approacohe economic situation Peiping epresn based desire avoiddispngnorl productiond possible induce onlxafewcgesduringsransiionalperiod cumbersomeiefficien xscre wchae BaonalisZsd Inheeconcfindafewinnowaionsve introduced wever aiughi early effec ywill A nicipal CoOperaie system process orzainwihhenouncd puoseo eliminatingae snning ofpplebymdd areno ofcoursehefirscooperazives pinheyappear wesZngerofcibackingZprevious dasaownedcommercicomplysbeenseup ThelaZer hePpingadeCoany sseweral purchasing brancaesdfifty salessor oules selling daily necessities wegeaBleoildsalafixed prices slightly belowheprevailing maeoaioms sabillzeepricelevel The paymen wages salaries already become firmly established Commuais Peiping aaniwasunderheNa ionalismswho alsousedhesysZem ensiwely whereaseNaionaliszs usually flour S paying wages coarse grains milleo There 8iasmauhis change grumbling already Been labellede Communis mille economy A civil servants received Since liberation added reason grumbling breah In Communiss ensure popular suppor Peiping depend I large ability basic economic problems ecause eraga Cinese pragmamlc person judge Co uniss resul policies people Peiping reserving judgemeno Land reform slogans ineres waiing happens regarding inflation wages Peiping people certain feeling superioriy sophisicae4 cosmopol uranies which addition factors influencesneirailmdeowardheCommunisso Teecityis sories country rying Commanis soldiers latrines asins raher sleep wooden oards Beds Whether jokes circulated poran Because indicate widespread ailude probably induce Communiss slwly making changeo Any Comanis failures provide material jokes ridicule social weapon Despie yoEel Sories howeYer Communiss roops welch people every srees favorable impression They beaved dignified obiously pride being warriors llberaion called press political consciousness When asked By suden wneher belongd Lin Piao which soldier replied I belong people Soldiers eidence Peiping month because presenZ garrison small compared roops crowded intohe duringhe siege aamilitary amospnere ersiss Te Communiss guard hemsalves closely paysically isola general population former Kuominang leaders Peipingo Sentries watch every Co munis office including including newspaper offices where guards under egimeo No allowed pnoographs hough military porance within Peiping pnoographs ldiers parades demonstrations banned A military discipline aopears caracerisic Comniss including political workers uniforms similar roops One reason Zhe CommnnisS security undoubZedly feeling nervousness abouZ opposition underground Kuomintang roops service There indication under grsund sizeable appsrenly Comaniss sllghly worried nonehelesSo Durin weeks number Kuominang secre service persons given label arresedo There political arrests since initial honeymoon perio imediaeiy after akeover number large They included alone caiefs former eacionary officials The Naionalis MP regimen dispersed before Communiss On Feary military proclaien erder surrder oflillegal Febary 12eGsnCer inrarmsd rdered members ofe191rem On ebary erder registerwih eauriies wasreped edeainewasedupe e25Aary hselves seine efseww underound weren wever eCosswedyuble wihelk eoeNaonalisrpswedbe On Febary Conlss concenraon points outsideo begppl ekoer responsibilityorheseroosd andapresefin p1sfrincrraingem Army cempleed Alough People Daily justification akeover Peiping almes complete aspects Ceunis pelicy cryst defifaro Te Cmmnniss press plicy Peiing aever exception ready firly definite wlcla ceurse mdiied To American bservers changedr ready esablished Seie Union reedm elsewhere I plicy press understood United Saeso When Communiss entered Peiping newspaper The oficial Kuominang Nor C Daily convered oficial Communis People Daily under editorship Fan C hiang Yangtze River Fan known Comunis journal often given credi saring feature writing China Commnis This mewspaper propaganda organ which national inmernaional releases official Commanis China News Agency which quoes Pravda Tass foreign The New China News Agency releases fairly accurate certain hings casualy igures example entirely sided heavily slaned general con1n Acually Small portion People Daily devoted Editorials proclamations policy saemens large space No clear distinction between sories editorials wever because clear distinction Communis journaliss The press clearly admittedly insrumen revolution A newspapers allowed publishing surprisin censorship lifted resul liberation The Commanis papers copied People Daily erial official agency became redder although continued national international official daily because prined sories elegraphed anking Sanghai An article Cgmunis paper Chinese writers habits ropean American bourgeois newspapermen often value smimes aenion revolutionary people The artic however should correcedo Tis Communis Communis papers adhered sricly squeeze gradually One clgsed being reactionary spreading Kugminang propaganda cases reason A presen besides official paper single newspaper business P eiping papers which operating month The expec remaining d9ubfulo Foreign correspondents handled differen Firs subjec smear campaign which official Communis release official paper echoed Chinese press Te press aacks concentrated American imperialis newspapermn ironically erican cilizn alugh American agencies The dispatches correspondents called insul people Peiping Th denuncialions became wehemen epithets colorful am1campaigndeweloped epapersprinedafloodofwritten proeslm which demanded correspondents driven Commnis errioryo The reporlng foreign corresp9nden calle Americans purposely desye Chinese pople democratic voluion This smear echnique agains certain Peiping CounCil Chineseincludingeformer chairman0fhe afZeced foreign correspondents principal arges I classified pariahs correspondens Chines friends sopped contacting corresponden hemselves relucan possibility embarrassing Chinese friends calling In addition correspondents permid interview Comniss wrimen comanicaions unanswered I possible interview private Red Army because roops instructed avoid alking foreigners Foreign corresponde effec ooiso became impossible reporting Today ailiary C9n Comaission activities foreign correspondents merely compleeseprocessbegun byhesmearcampaign Ibdayi impossiblefor aperson inPeipingo keepabr world events unless Wave radio equally impossible world abreas deelopmen Peiping The picture world which Com propaganda machine feeding people which dangerously preda spreading oupus enaclesr1 globe desperate resislance countries following leadership Soviet Union Every scrap propaganda issued Peiping indicates presen Chinese Couniss close srong psychological Soviet Union international questi follow Soiet Cominqrm completely Every mention Soviet Union laudatory No mention Dairen Port Arthur urrent RuSsian negotiations Central Government rights Sinkiang Been mentioned Conversely S action portrayed motivated sinislr imperialism every indication UoSo weakness example slight employ merit seized played proof America impending disaseroTeCommuniss donoryohidhefaca eybelieve Leninism friendsof Sovie writers behalf bviously proud Iisvery difficul On basis publicly known inside information relations between psych CineseConmniss andeSovienion aparfrome logical aacamen obvious anyone seeing hearing propaganda every In Peiping owever Been wisile evidence Russian manipulation erference Dnless ewidence contrary uncowered reason I believe CDinese Coauniss puppets osCOWo Their srengh seems I Teir dependence independence Sovie Union saould become clearer however months I The American propaganda effeciwely Co muniSSo Srng nationalism perhaps mixed general xenophobia foreignism sranges Com widespread sentiments China culpri accusing finger interfering Cnina affairs robbing wereigny prolonging ciwil Cinese agree become indignant Chinese Comnnis propaganda seems based belief riding impr1nc prsen S Sovie agonismdsplit dZdgers ppandamesquieclrefacZif comeswle Zhe CneseCosseinhrpresZfeofndZheywill Suppor SheSoe Incredible distortions Communis propaganda mricoerver N ssuppor heIndonesian naonis heIndoni onisissomew blamed On S forple ppagd becredible olargenumbers Cneoerfac wchsuld fewCnse besrbedau spped press during pneedom press course wassubjec severelonsunderheKUonng armerofproesains hedisappearance eoffreemwchdispreously ughhe Couniss propanda viperouSly ichey havenolesericans orherforersin PeipingdveliveUP heirpse foreiliesd pperywomldbepeced Fornesphenise polyirferers resing answer cocaons fromh Untilzecyf0reiers werevenhen undevon suchngs requestsfor umobileresraioncertificatesd indouof citywalls defelverymuchlike elile wwasn eesablisenofaforfrs office ebary 17cedhesiaon slighy hebasicfac hemnissillpolitelyioreforeiers Foreign consular establishments individaals 18noted andae noconacswibeCmmuiss makeapOin classifying consular personnel private citizens Apparently cmuniss believe contacts consmlaes would imply recognition governments which rcognize alhough international consular activities generallydivored issue recognition For unknown reason however Comuniss placed armed uards consulates watch people coming going The Commmniss regard foreigners spies extremely They specifically warned populace hrough newspapers Amer newspapermen considered U spies The Americsn consula ignored Unied Saes Information Service ordered distributing releases February Comunis flour Peiping office Ecohomic Cooperation Admini stration This ECA flourwas moved armed guards showed proes agains unlawful credentials receipts seizure American direcor ECA Peiping never answered Communiss Also February Russian consulate which curious difficul inere IOfficiallywou exisce andneconsul becamewhenissinsislneconssare privateciim ssepas ordered byessianbassyin Cn econsul wsscpulously avoidedanyngwc evnssianinvolvemeninCna senup Cnese Somme forei obseers predicted Conists PeiPing ensin heywodben difying presenaide owardheU S dwesternco wouldbenloongorard daywh heywodw rinfor foreign recoi ionalrai eiracons inPeipingoda Such adjusts inaideisinen In helucre ispossileofcours heiraidesdpoliciescancge difsucaacgecomesheaonundoubtedlywill beeconoc willneerials forreconsciondindusria dewopmwhcabeobtained solelyfaeSowieUnion nheseoneousnng instancesaereeconocreiies vedimniSpolicy OnFebary13i wasaounc aoTsgdappwedneiaions forrpingnain KuonldSngdComnishdNorCna Insr ffieially sanctioned rading enemy pririly because needTot flour imprs eneiaionsewheCounisd rresaesofSngisppinginereswcamenor venow becompleted dliedradeisau commce neinsis radewille excngeofflourmSngim beused principally disriion Kail isninSng TheKanningAdmisraion aSine eonce isbeven everycouragem byeniss ecausei isneincpducrinNorthCnadneCoiss eoford venrcoalsupplyin eruptS OnFebary19 Preside Liner lowed discrge preosly uorac Whether economic considerations ssorwill force ajorcgeineCoauniss cories SII reins wever The predicion Peiping would become Couniss nations liical headqmarers probly capital boeou byeens ofnepasnh Foroneng Peipingse Co eener foriorlpceneiaions woupsrepringLiung ficially parof hCentral veren aanking The group consisted several relativelyuown anduorprofessors Ningwapparlyacomplishedlile hesecondgupwas impotent Meaded So Li W W Yii neialed Feb he7hdmade9edayrip Shcacng kwihaongo TheirI1kWihzaodlnea piciped sever iporan Communis meetings Peiping ilook Li Tsung dheCounislsgh beming progress owardapeaceselem ifollowhepatternseby wodmeNaionis surrender anotherne S pinsdpardon Lidos_e Pping corsnowonneC0mniss warcrins anspari pangn many9nun sponsored On February Co nudis North China People Governmen under Tng Pi moved Peiping Five later eaders decrac groups parcpae Comsts coion I descried arriv iplngdweregreeiheaffar IncludedereLiC ShCh CgPo Mau lundmyo Aau semenls leadersbeg convergeonPeipinginlarggr numbers Includedng Li leader CnesesPybore wisnowicCirmfhe Co CnaLairUnigndispreparing seupuon hadquarrs inPping De Sfo CnaSmden Assembly flock Peiping Thesdevelopmn slook likahover1ar bigevents andall MaoTsngdCTeh Shcacg Now hewerof Peiping scmplee syppsoon Wi amslageseformajordevelopmen inPeiping ersybeelned desireon heirRar VI hedewopmfmeprobingeyesofforei oervers Iissopossible hebismeryp ofagerghngupofneirconsulno hecitysbe Repormfmorciiesveindicad atightening processsgerlybenoyrersiionalver osofhereportsda wewer comefm dubious sdepdaeurces Iwillnospcae edsee Thererdyare indications wever ingupyeplaceher Therevebseverreport cadsdenmeeinclforhepursof docing reaconaries droonou enesof iisoearly heherornossorofngpresa wichnan I Pping feasibl If onineewippledravllng ContinuesIliehe ssicons willseledown moreleisurydacademic ofheCneselagedsrydwill followcurren sryasbes Icbyreanghenewspap dngwih Sincerely yours Rec eivea York