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1/20/1949 - Chinese Viewpoint on U.S. Government Actions by Albert Ravenholt

AR INSTITUTE OF CURRENT VORLD AFFAIRS Shanghai China January Mr Walter S Rogers Institute Current World Affairs Fifth Avenue New York N Y Dear Rogers In report I examine United States actions govermnent China Chinese viewpoint For I chosen called democratic groups These groups easily defined They include Democratic League minor political organizations which present cooperating Chinese Communists others solid organization commitments They business educators religious leaders administrators products Western Eropean American influenced institutions country Although differ their interpretation events voice conflicting views about United States certain basic ideas common Almost agree defeat Nationalist Government temporarily discrediting labeled American China Many factors combined If General George arshall attempt mediation between Nationalists Communists succeeded would brought united States measure popular greater enjoyed foreign power China When United States continued assist Nationalists arshal efforts faile became increas ingly identified Kuomintang Government Even Chinese under stand complex mechanism U S policy times abandoned reason violently denounce Unite States helping possible continuation civil They think economic country under China Relief lission ECA forestalled suffering China largest cities constructive contribu minds these Chinese never sfficientl divorced U S attempts Communism popularly accept generdus gesture As these Chinese Communists capitalized Chinese Nationalism their They branded United States imperialist ag6ressor Nationalist Government running American iperialism In respects Unite4 States replaced Japan target against which Conunists mobilized classes This cnpaign ification United States Communist papers radio stations become increasingly violent AR The extension Communist American campaign traced number fundamental developments within Chinese Communist movement First Comunists flush victory For years bombed planes turned Nationalists Oy United States Their troops fought finally efeated Nationalist armies equipped largely U S materiel transporte north after V J Day American planes ships The civilian given China through ONRRA recent direct American grants almost exclusively Nationalists Within Communist ranks generated hatred nitea States Now Comnunists coming power Americanism deeply ingrained Conunist leaders probably could immediately wanted Second least tithe being Communist leders foreign power support Soviet Union In spite ideological which supposedly guarantees comaunist movement support other Communist forces Chinese Communists evidently necessary prove their reliability Russians Criticism United States costs Chinese Comunists littl reassures Russians It helps distract Chinese popular attention considerable efforts Russians making influence Chinese Communist actions Manchu lesser extemt North China It clear Russians prepare trying Third Chinese Communist planners aparently examples previous Chinese revout stale after achieved success notably Taiping Rebellion revolutions To forestall similar development future Chinese Communists avoid taking their coalition government large organized alements presmnt Nationalist Government And demand peace become widespread China Ntionalist areas seeking almost terms civil settlement short uncondition surrender The definite exceptions island Taiwan provinces Chekiang Fukien where Chiang Kai ultra followers control In order avoid continued civil Communists explain their future actions C hinese people drive remnants American imperialist fluence eaders among democratic groups Americanism strengthened because several serious omissions O S official efforts China Hundreds millions dollars worth assistance given China supposedly convince Chinese attractiveness things American At comparatively little available ideas which premise government political United States The United States Information Servics maintains offices Chinas largest cities These offices attractive libraries reaing rooms They distribute eriodicals reports Chinese ublictions selected individuals Films Chinese AR organizations A special effort explain U S actions Japan enormously resentment among nearly Chinese factio consider American reconstruction Japan The efforts translating publishing American learnin The recent organize attempt proviaed budget which enough translate publish books Since critical lists several hundred books request funds turned Washington D C Partly result young Chi Ame society essentially gaaget culture The Rusians other ntined active publishing China translate print cheap eitions Soviet books ranging outright propaganda Russian classics lillions copies through efiicient aistri bution system Stuaents universities Russian publications nominal Chinese miale schools desperately short kinas books anything availaOle Leaaers aemocratic groups tragic paraaox frequent failure United States share American ideas while spenaing questionable projects These largely ignored grandiose schemes uniteu States backed When example attempts universities usually through presidents those institutions nearly aligne ultra rigit CC Clique Kuomintang Party With intentions United States resources China usually missed faileg release constructive potential anxious build As remarkea Unitea States policy makers never realizea progressive democratic forces check spread Communism It background experience understanding leaders within democratic groups future United States China Some pessimistic about their pportunities genuine cooperation Communists But Red columns absorb China these intend Those thinking ahead United States import factor deciding exten which influence pattern their country develops unger Chinese Communist dominated government The first thing future Uniteg States Government should avoid giving death which would wreck their opportunities participating regime They assume eventually United States realize recognition government which thoroughly control China waste They anticipate pressure business missionary other interests necessary U S Gevernment establish diplomatic relations Communist domina government order provide facilities nationals When Unitea States grants remegnitien regim China should extreme If United States anounce intended support Demecratic China defeat Communism resultm disastreus They weuld isolated current develepment their country driven cerner Cemmunists would enemies defeated rather greups cooperating rebuilding China Instead I talkea woula Unitea States recegnizes gevernmnt state doing because governent purely simply Cemmunist includea Democratic parties Americans lookea these forces build China In dealings Chinese Government these United States could strengthen their relative pesition ithin country prometing overall policies these Demecratic groups But emphasize ebjectives Unite States seeks further China werkd through gevernment established It spensering cause particular individuals pelitical groups These seewhat consider almost pathological American Communism greatest obstacle success Unitea States policy China As expressed If should Americans afraid They realize there sound military United States would disturbed extension Russian military bases The guarantee against China encouraged independently They possibility Chinese military establishment under solid Chinese Communist control could threaten American security generation These fully aware implications China arshal Tito defection Cominform allegiance They consider development immediate likelihood China The fundamental factors which might Chinese Communists completely independent action greater Yugoslavia But China larger amorphous country react rapidly It before Chinese Communists fully realize enormity putting country together again The Russians least aware anyone issues stake their theories already allowance partially independent Chinese Communist development In determining future orientation hinese Communists these mddle roaders skill which United States adjusts implements policy highly important All agree reconstruction industrialization China requires surplus resources which United States available quantity If carefully these could promote independent thought action Chinese Communists These United States should fulfill resent commitments toward definitely establish opportunities United States necessarily disappearance Nationalist Government They would correct trade relations between China United States But caution against United States being eager extend extraordinary assistance government Chinese Communists create Americans appear trying support eanwhile these ahead United States Government people hasty judging their actions particularly their words For obvious reasons expect always possible express clearly frankly their thoughts goals In order effective consider necessary adjust themselves present realities while attempt gradmall apply their ideas They while doing United States benefit doubt Sincerel lbert Ravenholt Received New York