© 2007 Institute of Current World Affairs
The Institute awards long-term fellowships to develop a deep understanding of an issue, country, or region outside the US and to share that understanding with a wider public.
Institute of Current World Affairs - Home Page

Below is a hobbled text version of a PDF document.
In order to read the actual document please click the link below and register if necessary.
(One-time registration is free and very quick.)
Read article

8/1/2002 - The Big Man, His Wife and Her Husband by Andrew Rice

AR Sub Saharan Africa Andrew Rice Fellow Institute studying politics development Uganda environs The Big Man His Wife Her Husband By Andrew Rice AUGUST KAMPALA Uganda George Serunjogi Joy Nandaula And could blame Nandaula young looking smart thoroughly modern Ugandan woman Serunjogi first spied across friend housewarming party It Nandaula still undergraduate Makerere University Serunjogi emissary Within months dating Not after Nandaula moved Serunjogi house Serunjogi older widower forties Nandaula liked I wanted mature would later He officer Uganda Ministry Finance Serunjogi family Nandaula family before calling Later Serunjogi would young strong typical Makerere She wanted things He bought expen clothes Ghanaian expatriate small Most wanted So Serunjogi pulled string In early called friend Uganda Electoral Commission would later refer Big Man asked Nandaula loved Electoral Commission A referendum whether retain Uganda Movement system government which politi parties coming She traveled country coordinating sometimes messy business voting young democracy Towards relationship started having problems Serunjogi would recall There signs another Often counts failed relationships details dispute someone would early morning Sometimes return until night On occasion would Kampala Serunjogi suspected going alone One Nandaula nicer Toyota Corolla She Corolla herself Serunjogi suspi cious She angry saying other pleased their wives driving The relationship ended referendum The night before Nandaula until Serunjogi waited When heard outside opened driveway He ducking He recognized It Nandaula Big Man Nandaula moved month coming Big Man things I packed I going Serunjogi recalled saying voice cracking recounted story parliamentary investiga committee May But I going squeeze until I knees It Ugandans heard George Serunjogi before famous testimony May other circumstances private heartache would certainly stayed private As events conspired Serunjogi Nandaula Big Man national obsession Before scandal passed would discredit entire Electoral Commission disgrace prominent politician arrests relations between government President Yoweri K Museveni Uganda largest tribe Baganda It would particularly detail political power operates corrupts Uganda today Certainly there forget scene hearing Serunjogi looked villain budget horror movie A large checked blazer floppy canvas white plastic holes mouth His appearance foreshadowed gothic story would A months after explained house splashed leaving grotesque burns He couldn identify attacker point mentioned neither Big Man refused refer bothered visit hospital The press The front issue The New Vision Uganda state owned daily newspaper carried picture masked Serunjogi finger poking accusatorially below headline TOP EC MAN TOOK MY WIFE The radio airwaves filled tawdry surrounding identity Serunjogi mystery nemesis Big Man Suspicion quickly focused person chair Electoral Commission Aziz Kasujja For Felix Osike New Vision reporter covered scandal between lines straightaway referring Kasujja ready embattled The parliamentary probe Serunjogi tified before ostensibly looking problems local elections Un Kasujja watch alleged Election Day Uganda turned occasion confusion fraud occasional violent confrontation Electoral Commission become patron Such shenanigans sadly pretty stuff Uganda hardly differentiated Kasujja other servants But thing Kasujja trouble The Electoral Commission brothel groused Miria Matembe Uganda moralistic Minister Ethics Integrity The press field girlfriends husband stealing snatching general happiness EC editorialized The Monitor New Vision dependent competitor Soon allegation after allegation would tumble millions dollars pocketed expensive computer kickbacks contracts cronies People smelled blood Sam Rwakoojo commission secretary enemies I arrived Uganda scandal reaching To newcomer affaire Nandaula familiar echoes politi scandal United States certain peachment comes there strange dissonances What snatch someone And exactly Big Man What these words Ugandans public capti vated particular sordid story I discovered great resonated because ation unusual because elements common This thing happens society Felix Osike Kasujja problem someone complained More century after intro duction Christianity Uganda remains fairly polygamous society An mated three Ugandan women engaged polygamous marriage Ev powerful assumed second third fourth stashed village outsk Though marriage context fined somewhat loosely While Serunjogi story particularly grisly there sands other walking around Kampala similar tales Very Osike In desperately society battle between Figaro Count Almaviva fought every More often Figaro loses But Serunjogi neatly established category cuckolded Nandaula refused conform disputed In respect represented recognizable figure educated outspoken sexually liberated Ugandan standards woman She apologies leaving Serunjogi When expected shrink humiliation seemed revel attention Finally important there Kasujja Big Man himself He Ugandans In sense seemed audacity snatch another whether willi snatched seemed largely beside point closely related impunity which allegedly accepted kickbacks hired otherwise pilfered public purse Both sprang wellspring power power could checked above below Kasujja chief nemesis happened woman large gruff hairstyle Miria Matembe Uganda Minister Ethics Integrity prominent women Museveni ernment certainly loudest A jacket blurb autobiography reads Call Big Mouth shout women She Uganda highest ethics policeman since corruption ministry created She baying Kasujja blood years I Matembe lunch Fang Fang Chi restaurant favored Uganda governing elite She breezed fifteen minutes curtly asked I interview phone moved private As waved president daughter passed believed Kasujja I believe action taken Action coming At under Kasujja predecessor Stephen Akabway Elec toral Commission considered bastion minded nonpartisanship During Kasujja reign become widely regarded country worst function bureaucracy which really saying something Jobs weren advertised commissioners brought their hires inevitably members their tribes The membership commission board divided relatively equally among regions country however creating nepotistic balance The commission lavished money ambitious expensive projects issue plastic registration cards Ugan voter Computer consultants digitized photo gistry project doubled million We cards election conducted concluded Matembe Three administrators Electoral Commis arrested embezzlement October More recently nearly employees fired At moment Matembe report corruption Electoral Commission Inspector General Government IGG sitting President Museveni A place Electoral Commission Matembe almost wired fraud To example When administrators arrested discovered employment contracts commission ployees furloughs event jailed Yet Matembe angrily rejected premise Uganda government might blame It system government people themselves What happened Uganda corruption shunned Materi alism taken place respect ethical values Those condemn corruption actually looked fools useless Corruption uniquely tropical disease after New York City politician George Washing Plunkett coined inimitable phrase honest graft Yet somehow African countries corrup evolved something different vasive pernicious threatens undermine foundations government itself Leaders Zaire Liberia Somalia elsewhere steal writes Princeton political scientist Jeffrey Herbst stole cause state dissolve Just Eskimos hundred words Ugandans dozen phrases describe bribes corrupt officials drink their bellies Man eateth where worketh popular aphorism Where culture corruption Matembe blamed Uganda In country quickly tomorrow replied These values these destroyed Matembe Augean Sometimes takes years investigation arrest someone often police files corruption cases missing prosecutor office If I could corruption people being corrupt I would She Corruption afflicted African states since independence Why Matembe argue moral individual Ugandans historians blame disorganized Europe rushed 1960s Elections hastily organized colonists That enormous advantage those ready political networks built In countries meant local chieftains Put place colonial thorities these Big Men village patron distributed provided political tection villagers villagers loyalty return Like Chicago local Big Man could deliver votes And Chicago Big Man expected something elected constituents roads village money himself Power engine velopment individual opportunities mobility writes political scientist Morris Szeftel For state means through which discrimination would redressed private wealth promoted Rival Big Men began fight their suited inflamed tribal passions pressure government The Tammany Hall approach historian Basil Davidson writes almost dogfight spoils political power More patronage required peace ruption became propelling Roads crumbled declined Tribal identification fluid concept caste system The ruling clique terri losing control spoils future elections stuffing ballot boxes doing democratic altogether Under UPC Matembe referring Milton Obote Ugandan People Congress party power after independence ruled again brief bloody period after Idi Amin ruption daylight robbery Matembe President Museveni power after along guerilla promising differ leader And while president certainly several stocked cattle ranches least discreet prede cessors Museveni local chieftains replaced elected local councils toward creating accountability But practice things changed Within local council system political scientist Mahmood Mamdani writes politics eating drinking spread literally unchecked So there honest woman Ugan government One recent Friday afternoon I visit Stephen Akabway Kasujja predecessor Electoral Commission offices Uganda Rev Authority where works I neutrality Akabway The former chairman Kasujja mirror image graying around temples manner schoolteacher which Akabway commission through early Ugandan democ emerged nearly everyone surprise least which experience I asked story Kasujja In early 1990s Museveni summoned Akabway school obscure posting Ministry Education oversee Uganda first tions The would Museveni Move system government which political grounds tribalism sectarianism forces candidates stand basis individual merit alone Critics notions theoretical dressing party state But Museveni himself would stand president His cipal opponent would Paul Ssemogerere hoary veteran Uganda independence politics backing Milton Obote exiled president against Museveni launched civil But Akabway tentially explosive situation tained presiding election remarkable equanimity Nevertheless after votes counted Akabway packed Revenue Author Museveni collec agency needed straight clean corruption there It happened But Akabway removed other reasons Around Akabway change occurring within Museveni Movement The desire elections costs being developed There fairly strong section Museveni circle would quite I remained Electoral Commission chairman because I person followed election letter Akabway It would risky Hardly anyone heard successor Kasujja Really nobody Felix Osike Kasujja principal political experience member Electoral Commission board working under Akabway during elections He working former chairman recalled He little problems PR Akabway smiled He understated Kasujja Hajji people banker rotund pronounced jowls small He claims graduated versity Bangladesh He friendly gregarious first would expect successful politics expect accused corruption In commission appointed investigate collapses country ommended given record private sector Kasujja allowed public office The recommendation ignored A nobody several factors worked favor Kasujja through Uganda government First early enthusiastic supporter Museveni Movement Second Muslim member large influential family Masaka southwest Kampala In Uganda Mus important minority group making about percent population And third Kasujja Muganda member Uganda important tribe Baganda Museveni appointed Kasujja Constituent Assembly wrote Uganda constitution He there represent mainly Muslim Akabway From there Kasujja quickly through ernmental ranks winning board Elec toral Commission chairmanship Things quickly changed under Electoral Commission My friend Kasujja pletely abandoned style established Akabway Elections longer smoothly First there referendum Movement Kasujja suggested anyone joining opposition boycott jailed Then presidential election Museveni faced opponent within ruling Movement former doctor Col Kizza Besigye One Besigye principal issues spread corrup Before election there reports paramili Movement cadres terrorizing opposition strong holds harassing Besigye supporters Afterwards numerous cases Louisiana style ballot hijinks light Kasujja quiet Still happy Museveni percent would later Kasujja incompetence cheated getting percent This local elections crowning fiasco A contract print ballots issued until minute company fronting Electoral Com mission officials alleged At polling places ballots showed misspelled There allegations intimidation polls Move officials military Nevertheless opposi candidates swept victory places particu larly around Kampala In Electoral Commission recounted results seven times The position candidate finished might endure eighth court stepped The Movement happy results As losses mounted Kasujja friends Movement began turning The Electoral system mistakes sinister Maj Kazooka Mutale Museveni shadowy political assistant The New Vision I normally think aloud matters Museveni often I happy Electoral Commission But Kasujja protected political realities The constitution difficult president remove election board Politically Matembe would difficult Museveni before reelection would overwhelming evidence malfeasance They would changing Electoral Commission their interests Then there ethnic problem Kasujja because Muganda Muslim Now elements those groups howling their being persecuted On there nasty invective about Museveni taken great pains disentangle religion politics Uganda having Muslims They saying president habit using people sacrificing Felix Osike The majority service fight against corruption people friends theirs their person Matembe Once their person attack They tribalize regionalize ethnicize At January press conference Kasujja defiantly sisted calls calling resignation ardly terming himself superstar Why should I resign ranted waving tabulated local election results astonished porters I I third class pearance I first class ticket My formance beautiful I still strong I cannot scared threats I cannot resign Corruption recent evening I drove through Kampala party celebrat publication Matembe autobiography suddenly I presented rather stark illus tration power operates Uganda The front white Mercedes abruptly stopped halting traffic behind tried U across I brakes This nothing unusual Kampala But happened A truck rumbling other direction screeched allowing white Mercedes complete I wondered unprecedented dangerous driving courtesy Then Mercedes direction I reason truck driver deference Attached fluttering yellow black Ugandan flags What truck driver Clearly Mercedes passenger tribesman Surely expecting patronage return All either could there important Mercedes A Big Man What Kasujja Big Man The phrase everywhere Uganda newspa casual conversation Sometimes Big Man president himself Sometimes Big Man connected businessman esteemed elder corrupt political Sometimes three these things Originally Big Man village elder someone would chief He position competed other In African languages historian Jan Vansina writes words scribing related those meaning honor become What meant Vansina writes Paths Rainforest expressed invocation during ceremony performed puberty among Djue Cameroon The grandfather would ivory bracelet This elephant which I become crowds women children objects wealth prosper within family famous throughout villages Today course journa lists novelists political scientists phrase evoke something entirely ferent powerful often malevolent African ruler In V S Naipaul A Bend River character Big Man thinly veiled portrait Zaire Mobutu Sese Seko In Mobutu raised rapacious Big Man level caricature He married identical twins quaffed prodigious quantities champagne built lavish palace village Gdabolite suppos socked billions Swiss accounts How historical probably benign Big Men transmogrified ogres Mobutu Academics spilled barrels topic But basically settle camps One school holds fault colonialists There Europeans govern Africa places Great Powers local tribal authorities often literally crack In Uganda instance British struck Baganda dominant tribe We conquer behalf Complicated consensus driven forms local replaced figure powerful chief clenched Columbia University professor Mahmood Mamdani memorable phrasing which local authority vested Opponents dispute colonial nasty shameful chapter European But claim roots Africa problems deeper The colonial Africa lasted years Jeffrey Herbst points States Power Africa Ruling roughly million people British tropical Africa writes grand total administrators police The colonists bother build extensive roads Africa problem Herbst argues geogra problem trying extend authority sparsely populated areas anyone So Africa developed tates strong where armies without there conquest Africa coups fringes where chiefs continued But whatever academics Ugandans different perspective origins corruption unchecked power To person every Ugandan I asked rejected premise Africa political wholly attributable colonial experience accident geography Rather favored another theory authoritarian features Ugandan politics ingrained their culture The problem Ugandans simply deferential You cannot speak disrespectfully Big Man David Ouma Balikowa founding editor The Monitor Even Amin Balikowa large adoring crowds visited villages spect power brought people It worth remembering Amin nickname Big D You supposed quiet Even people How write about president Simon Ebitu security guard watches house night another In Africa cannot speak against above You because something He stomped black concrete To people uneducated James Kahoza Uganda former Auditor General wrote essay corruption power perceived forms Even though leaders elected uneducated people consider power possess accountable power The leader therefore personifies chief society familiar The truth doubt complicated But there denying there respect hierarchy Ugandan society strong element paternalis Ugandan politics Take wedding I cently attended The reception large torium emcee great pains point Big Men attendance government ministers Whereas attendees including extended families bride groom folding chairs facing stage where couple sitting Big Men their wives relatively comfortable plastic chairs While Big Men before table covered white tablecloth And speeches Big Men longer anyone One defense minister tribesman groom advised produce Bakiga sible In Uganda women equal rights So Julius treat Allen bride equal And Allen treat Julius first among equals Museveni talks differently American president might Americans president however grudgingly leadership times crisis But imagine George W Bush advising group young girls abstain learn toilet Museveni recently Uganda president loves digress sometimes hilarious anecdotes about people backwardness More ominously rails against intellectuals radio hosts would minds village multiparty government We George Washington father nation distant ancestor Museveni living vigorous patriarch times times overbearing The president Uganda president Uganda young western educated government lunch He God Uganda Yet sense Aziz Kasujja level official picture The Mercedes In Uganda there Big Man There Little Big Men Dozens hundreds You recognize luxury model sports utility vehicles drive around Kampala The trail corruption starts esident younger brother potential apparent Gen Salim Saleh caught cookie several times continues through ranks Top politicians battle control eating ministries money flows through Big businessmen fight government contracts sweetheart deals everyone knows mensely wealthy their names appear nowhere rolls Kasujja person power money Osike In truth Kasujja probably would incompetent corrupt I think would gotten embezzlement Osike But along Joy Nandaula However Kasujja claimed links young attractive employee Electoral Commission messy breakup marriage emerged scandal whole different dimension Stealing elections stealing money stealing wives Ugandans signs profound moral pitude Electoral Commission You Mary Karooro Okurut Museveni house press retary would write Kasujja column corruption incompetence comes temptation That things getting really complicated Polygamy Uganda Nevertheless powerful watched Kasujja public roast squirmed I asked friend university student story touched nerve people He responded telling story A years discovered secret His father successful businessman second family living outskirts His mother happy about situation After siderable pushing friend gotten father troduce alternate family relationship siblings Actually friends problem These things happen usually write about Osike He listed couple cases A level Movement official taken parliamen tarian Another Electoral Commission official delightfully named Charles Dickens Owiny alleged offered driver family place workers quarters behind house Then When returned living inside house The Big Man leave alone driver marriage Matembe Matembe scandals beside point distractions issue corruption But Kasujja alleged shenanigans exactly point Everybody Oh snatching people wives Electoral Commission having these problems Osike The New Vision The Monito jumped vestigation Kasujja personal somewhat reluc tantly Osike The Vision known about leged affair story after Serunjogi public testimony forced Other publications fewer scruples Kampala Luganda language newspapers every corner zarre triangle The earthy tabloid newspaper The Red Pepper itself element Ugandan society doned formula soccer adopted Nandy The woman herself emerged country She England taking graduate course But newspapers tracked father attacked Serunjogi saying never legally married Members Kasujja family speaking condition anonymity The Monitor might Nandaula stayed London while Senior family members called Susan Kasujja banging tables source paper In quarters there outrage disbelief She moved house another caller local radio Where shame But others asked Can stolen wants Nandaula refused shrink apologize On Sun May Nandaula spoke first And defiant From London The New Vision lived Serunjogi never married engaged legally traditionally spiritually other She drove supposed gifts Kasujja money But having affair There against When people young moving ranks quickly think about looks beauty I master degree Not people EC those qualifications In sense Nandaula symbolized something changing Uganda More young women least cities getting university educations white collar They sources income indepen their husbands And accepting established order Kampala grouse about Makerere girls their money grubbing Nandaula finally returned Electoral Commission June Life changed Dressed pinkish swarm journalists shouting questions She photo smuggled Electoral Commission complex white SUV The newspapers printed license plate number The matatu conductors renamed outside Electoral Commission Nandaula People shouted things The Red Pepper photographers followed around One night tracked station They cornered picture The cover issue showed looking Nandaula phone trying police Meanwhile things getting nasty inside Elec toral Commission headquarters complex Jinja Road There rumors scandal about because among higher contracts other spoils One employee police commissioner threatened One someone fired AK bullet Electoral Commission Secretary Sam Rwakoojo office The pressure Kasujja He pleaded mercy press Please spare begged The New Vision Kasujja enemies would nothing Miria Matembe I finishing lunch phone She talked animat another language Then That IGG Inspector General By coincidence parliament calling Kasujja dismissal Matembe chuckled spiratorially He telling there people arrest The Inspector General report papers July The facts damning Officials Elec toral Commission report found bilked ernment million course years fraudulent expenses double billing outright theft They contracts companies owned officials their friends The Electoral Commission vehicles instance filled owned commissioner A friend Kasujja oversee renovation project never started Kasujja himself owned trucks transported goods commission inves tigators found charging commission exorbitant prices None these offenses discovered mission independent auditor because auditing given undergraduate business student Makerere University Kasujja defiant You yourself porter asking comment He called press conference nounce I going where Then turned accusers I excuse Moni because looking money shouted But New Vision which owned taxpayers Why Why But Matembe right Kasujja finished One month phone It Stephen Musigire Kabbera young official Inspector General office Have papers asked Kasujja sacked Museveni spoken Kasujja other commissioners fired officially retired public interest The surviving commissioner would taking interim basis People faith honesty She Roman Catho Two later I finally Electoral Commission headquarters Sam Rwakoojo agency administrative official We originally appointment Kasujja fired I pulled commissi complex chained soldiers armed machine standing guard Rwakoojo phone I arrived Yes yesterday I delivering famous letters dismissal letters caller laughing Mr Rwakoojo smooth talking dapper small neatly groomed moustache He former parliament He blames commission opposition candidate But I bitter He brought clean commission If years money eaten Electoral Commission phone Kasujja taken deserve The problems really administra basically dishonest human beings But added something wrong people screaming blood We reflection society Rwakoojo If society morally upright morally upright If society corrupt there percentage people corrupt Later morning I walking along Kampala Road I spied latest issue The Red Pepper It large picture smiling Nandaula sporting short hairstyle beneath headline Mzee Kasujja Ladies Man Nandy Inside Nandaula tensive interview which bigger Kasujja blame undoing The EC origins clique people wanted bring chair Kasujja They thought would start This Nandaula denied having affair Kasujja treated daughter She called Serunjogi arrogant lover around She talked about herself My style My favorite jewelry I dresses short provocative suits fancy G string I right I drive Land Cruiser She harbor feelings about being stalked I thank making important For moment Nandaula still works Elec toral Commission George Serunjogi still Finance Ministry though nowhere since entire scandal testimony parliament three months He South Africa seeking treatment The police talked Nandaula Kasujja about attack The investigation ongoing expects anywhere As Big Man himself Investigator General recently enough evidence ecute Kasujja criminal charges He there rumors Museveni ambassador soothe anger tribal backers Kasujja giving interviews anyone though reached phone recently sympathetic local paper cryptically quoted Luganda prove Owamanyi akukubya gwokute before hanging Trans lated roughly proverb means The powerful stick Miria Matembe savored victory Kasujja attacking again This issue golden parachute fired commission given million shillings about enormous amount Ugandan standards Soon after wards severance package withdrawn At lunch I asked Matembe about common perception there powerful people Kasujja bigger untouchable beyond reach She responded ticking prominent politicians thrown disgraced corruption charges recent years Kasujja would So where Big asked It Kasujja But really Kasujja turned Electoral Com mission laughing stock undermined Ugan democracy itself taken scandal bring Already dozen would Big Men positioning themselves place No confidence replacement competent venal Stephen Akabway watched Kasujja destruction strange sympathy cessor He believes chairman victim litical cross pressures inherent trying serve government people I suspect though I evidence pressure executive simply And maybe heart problem ruption Uganda Kasujja ostensibly Uganda citizens exert their people ruled But mission please ruled He would accountable above The radio caller asked Where Nandaula shame Well where Kasujja He resisted calls resign until Museveni finally belatedly things Museveni could In Uganda there Big Man Everyone serves pleasure alone INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS Fellows their Activities Martha Farmelo April ARGENTINA A Georgetown graduate major psychology minor Spanish Master Public Affairs Woodrow Wilson School Princeton Martha Institute Suzanne Ecke McColl Fellow studying gender issues Argentina Married Argentine economist mother small focusing genders which immensely important Italo Latino machismo Martha involved Latin America professional having worked Catholic Relief Services Inter American Development Bank Costa Rica Human Rights Watch Ecuador Inter American Foundation El Salvador Uruguay UN World Conference W Beijing Curt Gabrielson December EAST TIMOR With Missouri background MIT degree physics Curt spending years East Timor watching nation create education system ashes Indonesian system Since finishing MIT Curt focused delivering inexpensive culturally relevant hands science education minority income students Based Teacher Institute Exploratorium San Francisco worked youth teachers Beijing Tibet Mexican agricultural Watsonville California Andrew Rice May UGANDA A former staff writer New York Observer reporter Philadelphia Inquirer Washington Bureau Newsday Andrew spending years Uganda watching waiting reporting possibility anticipated African Renaissance might begin administration President Yoweri Museveni Andrew B A Government Georgetown minor Theology after having spent semester Charles University Prague where served intern Velvet magazine later traveled experienced wrote about conflict Balkans Matthew Z Wheeler October SOUTHEAST ASIA A former research assistant Rand Corporation specializing South Southeast Asia Matt spend years looking proposals plans realities regional integration disintegration along Mekong River China Vietnam With B A liberal Sarah Lawrence M A Harvard East Asian studies Blakemore Fellowship Thai language studies Matt short conflicts Burma Thailand Laos Cambodia account lives writes learns about region James G Workman January Southern Africa A policy strategist national restoration initiatives Interior Secreta Bruce Babbitt Jamie ICWA Donors Fellow looking southern African nations South Africa Botswana Mozambique Zambia maybe Zimbabwe through their utilization conservation fresh water supplies A Yale graduate History spent junior Oxford Jamie journalism fellowship Poynter Institute Media Studies wrote New Republic Washington Business Journal before years Babbitt Since served Senior Advisor World Commission Dams Cape Town South Africa ICWA Letters ISSN lished Institute Current World Affairs Inc exempt operat foundation incorporated New York State offices located West Wheelock Street Hanover NH 03755 The letters provided charge members ICWA available libraries professional researchers subscription Phone E Mail ICWA valley Fax Web Site Executive Director Peter Bird Martin Program Assistant Brent Jacobson Publications Manager Ellen Kozak Institute Current World Affairs The Crane Rogers Foundation The formation contained publication reproduced without writer permission Author Rice Andrew Title ICWA Letters Sub Saharan Africa ISSN Imprint Institute Current World Affairs Hanover NH Material Type Serial Language English Frequency Monthly Other Regions East Asia Mideast North Africa South Asia Europe Russia The Americas Institute Fellows chosen basis character previous experi promise They young professionals funded spend minimum years carrying designed programs study writing outside United States The Fellows required report their findings experiences field month They write subject formally informally The result reporting analysis periodic assessment interna tional events issues