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10/19/1963 - Power, Persuasion, and Influence by Carl M. Marcy

INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS CM I Power Persuasion Influence Hotei Okura Tokyo October Mr Richard Nolte Institute Current World Affairs Madison Avenue New York New York Dear Dick You would surprised impact heretofore bound Senate exposure Pacific Northwest Hawaii Mildred I started Asia elsewhere nuptial environment Of Portland Oregon Hawaii Twenty years abstention environment known induced introspection It obvious something changed nation state individual probably three Bearing acquire capsulized American United States foreign policies Pacific Northwest Hawaii seemed starting points While I would describe these areas foreign realiz Senators known United States foreign policy viewed hinterlands quite viewed Washington D C I prepared propose extending Fulbright program exchanges between Washington borderlands apologies Ferdinand Kuhns It rather surprising however media representative government emotional distance between Washington Honolulu respects nearly great between Washington Paris For thing Americans West foreign policy something devised group experts Washington usually referred In experts concerned grass roots America thinks Furthermore grassroots think doesn difference because experts Washington facts These views somewhat shock Senate leave weeks prior departure Washington close count Senatorial trying discover CM I Americans thinking about treaty facts found confirmed reading New York Times sundry other publications favored compe experienced reporters whose tours overseas quently continuity those their diplomatic colleagues Nevertheless there mistake It West obtain views wheat Madame Nhu treaty foreign place football classic A common question Washington denizen abroad West What foreign policy This question course often asked Washington during I doubt asked increasing vigor frequency Unfortunately there never wholly isfactory answer The I could define foreign policy total national effort influence people nations under control conduct themselves minimum damage preferably promote What baffles Washington domestic borderlands definition world influence people nations beyond control Much I appalled utterances Madae Nhu seems under stand limits power critics As moves Washington however there seems appreciation limits ability influence others Indeed further individual removed position prime responsibility conduct foreign fairs easier forget ignore words C B Marshall foreign nations We recommend advise foreign cannot command unless ready Marines In West where United States always compelling significant domestic matters harder appreciate factors limit influence abroad therefore easier events blacks whites grays often characterize Washugton policy papers Moreover visitor West becomes quickly conscious extremes domestic influence conduct foreign policy He exposed extremes So Soviets building Aswan Dam disarm laterally example At oversimplification consequence foreign policy introspection induced these West I suggest Washi4ton nation large there schools thought influence other nations conduct foreign relations There power school persuasion school hawks doves tough total victory school patient reasonable school These domestic forces almost visceral Americans affect national efforts influence other nations The approach conduct foreign relations tends operate theory international communism never change itself defeated softies believe communism irreconcilable internal differences growing affluence Soviet Union promote tractability One extreme would foreign weapon friends influence votes United Nations other extreme believes oreign instrument economic political growth United States should impatient results measurable friendship willingness defensive alliances The liner tends think Washington eaucracy stifles imaginatio liner counsels patience perseverance struggle The liner impatient neutrals liner accepts neutrality erable rhaps inevitable concomitant nationhood I suppose readers letter themselves third category somewhere between extremes least capable rational shiftings If other reason argued strict adherence either power approach persuasion approach dangers Power tends corrupt tends generate opposition And reason persuasion largely matter introspection What reasonable American example Soviet Union should concentrate internal problems rather expansion nuclear capacity reasonable dedicated communist The pinches policy decisions There position issues whether wheat Russians Madame Nhu provide super s0nic aircraft India Take relatively simple reation East West Center Hawaii which visited briefly This institution authorized Congress lukewarm approval State Department Bureau Budget designed develop understanding between Pacific Asian countries United States Up present about million invested project Asian American students enrolled Center There position could taken between establisNing East West Center expenditure equivalent amount money promoting educational exchanges existing institutions Hawaii Mainland It other neither The Congress created Center perhaps unconsciously decision promoting derstanding Asian countries establishing unique institution promote special understanding ticular world Now Center operation bothered policy differences between practical aggressive Hawaiian experienced school academic theorists Mainland I these words without reflection ability integrity either group The pomoter argues Washington doesn appreciate special qualifica tions dozen Hawaiians experience could helpful Center Washington Asia There single United States Ambassador Hawaii Wash ington doesn realize American entree Asia phrase I Hawaii In ontrast academician remarks Hawaiians parochial If things their wrong Incidentally Michener Hawaii which viewed Hawaii attac Establishment conspiciously generally display bookstores newstands otherwise replete Hawaiian literature My sight behind counter Although United States committed statute creation Center develop understanding between United States Asia dichotomy threads through effort influence other nations impact operating policies institution located within United States Whether political economic democracy taught lived question Americans answered themselves Earlier letter I suggested foreign policy total national effort influence nations under control conduct themselves damage Some readers shuddered ambiguous phrase disturbed suggestion exportable It seems however concept least exportable ideas First political effort promote creation governments responsive majority demands needs CM educated citizens freely expressed This difficult process It should construed involving export American brand democracy environments ready susceptible operating sophisticated governmental machine The second exportable economic individual initiative coupled appropriate reward greatest stimulant nation eoonomic development This export economic democracy creation environ which individual right develop capacities rewarded penalized depending success failure Development United States based government planning require condition precedent The stimulus growth drive individual women better their economic position Government planning stimulus necessary developing states substitute drive which comes individual efforts imagination creates wealth reserving share himself under guidance The government serve catalyst lubricant endeavors individuals substitute government individual initiative I believe Americans would agree these legiti objectives foreign policies But whether influence other nations peoples these objectives compatible their desirable their right depends clarity policies about whether properly blend power persuasion promote objectives Ambassador Allison retired living Hawaii question technique clearly recounted recent versation American educated Thai official Not experience American official We How least embar rassment difficulty Instead usual approach If report superiors getting cooperation Congress withdraw money Ambassador Allison remarked This friends influence people The local official people government doing things flexi bility should possible matters perhaps fectly enough Our officials might remember perfect often enemy Whe American people speaking their diversit through instrumentality their government meshed power persuasion projecting clear image their society capable influencing nations peoples beyond their control question I explore months ahead With wishes Carl Marcy Received New York October