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11/14/1929 - miscellaneous correspondence through 12/31/29 by C. Walter Young

Private emorandum Prepared Co Walter Youn Done train anchur Institute Pacific Relations Hold Kyoto Jap Nov Contents I xtraterritoriality China II Concessions Sttlements China II Manchurian Questions IV Diplomatic Machinery Pacific ivate Nemorandum Kyoto Onfrence stitute Pacific latien Gommenty Apprais Of bjcts Discussed Onfer_ne L raterritoriality C fewycs Noemphaticdemand however wasmadfodiatandconditionaiabol itionattheKyooonfernce judgbytheviewspresntedby C L HsiadDr M leading spokesmen subject penttha therewanaissinof thencesslty somegraduprogr Thhin emphasize conditionsad changed materially China direction oxraertritoiality dissiilar those which advaced perfection certain thelegal codes dthat unication China accomplish edsomethingnot existantatthet oftherepoCfth Cissi0nen raterritor lallty It suggested foreigners hardly might expect btter treatment China thaithe Chinese thmselves Bau particul indicated opposition right desired byfor extraterritoriality shouldgo toacquirpropy dlease terior China monograph elinquisent tratrritor iality China prepared onferenc especially attention dgerintheasof E nerongoliadouthchuria In reply Chinese contentions obvious while British ericans accord apanse rgarded their probl distinct lwere willing concede principle xtaterritoriity should buttheresnounityastojusthowthissholdbaccomplished poknt offga definite which extratrriteriity should abolishedtherwasnounityong eitishthselvos forxple willing concede necessity sometransitory pitting return jurisdiction Ghinoso authorities A point abdont xtraterritoriality China certain defite oblig ationsundernernatnallatpreventadeniofustietoforeigners ofssor yWright aitted these obligations somha indefinite whilefuhr codification intonationallaon thispotsticipatd thenefue thnewsituationmight giveris involveddunfortunatcases reforeignerswerecoerned Thegeneral consensussthatthssecurities dergnr internation lawwerehdlya substitut forthpzsent system The particular agenda discussion extratrritoriallty waqbviosly prepared enoua rferenc hotell abolition extraterritoriality China evidence appears expressions politieal uristic agenda makers presuming these terms adequate descrlb first easons scond reiners rwasons criticism terminology apped among forignrs Th otwli propose however would properly phasi China opposed xtratr ritoriity largely emphatically psychological grounds ground system humiliating inurious flings hines Aparnt Shotell which prated pamphlet distributed Privat iemorandum Kyoto Conferce intrinsically indefinite crucial point namely whether foreigners should extraterritoriality diately unconditionally before securing China consent transitional system projected What would important section quoted below Upon notification China Powers inaugaration larged reform their acknowledgement receipt notification negot latlons might proceed final point formal renunciation owers their extraterritoriality This should conditions tached It would political phase extraterritorial question Whatever diplomatic procedure followed there should doubt point China Powers would entering which extraterritoriality would wholly disappear Then continuing juristic arrangements necessary scheme effect Professor Shotwell proposed The suggestion which herAis China should temporary device during period experimentation least after termination extraterritoriality limit number special courts dozen places where foreign usiness largely carried where foreigners largely congregated which courts shoulbe provided special machinery applying legal reform adpting practical needs What envisaged somethin inherently necessary Chinese system itself necessary condition growin industrialization comnercial prosperity Chinas Dr Shotwell proposed specifically there shoid special courts example Canton Shanghai Hankow Tientsin perhaps other these courts first instance trial foreigners which might brought either foreigners Chinese There proposed singl court appeal perhaps Shotwell proposed China should right appoint udges urisconsults respon sible administration these courts choice China panel experts nominated either World Court Court Arbitra Hague The pamel drawn lists prepared assoc iations countries concerned agreed proportion But final selection Surisconsults China without rgard atlonal making Chinese jurisdonsults judges chosen possessed requisite qualifications The whole proposal readily international tribunal jstice dinate appointments Salaries conditions payment within competence World Court Finally Dr Shotwell concluded Postscript gugestion worth considering details finite proposal should hands competent commission jurists upontheonehand andoftheestablishedorgans diplomacyupontheother Upon private inqui Dr Shotwell would procedure effecting change system whether powers would declare traterrit oriality totally uncoitionally abolished before establishing transitional system I elicited statement private point would decided diplomatic gotis tions truth important agraph proposal contained Postscript His reply perhaps underestimated proposal unjustly emphasized latter section contains nothing definite Therewould basis confusion period experimentation could hardly called except Chinese point extraterritoriality entirely unconditionally renounced The round table discussions elicit Chinese willing accept proposal principle Private Memorandum Kyoto Conference With hgard Shotwell proposal there appeared unanimity among foreigners themselves While generally agreed transitional system necessary means agreed transitional sstem should after extraterritoriality Particularly Japanese critical Mr Shuna aburo Komura presented mimeographed statement which emphasized The question extraterritoriality longer historical academic question It actual problem problem reality problem commnds careful consideration judgement Purthermore exposed disadvantageous dangerous position Unfortunately Jpan however nGreat bcame unwelcome negotiate treaty China before American Britain akward poition where obliged model confronted dilemma going displeasing Great Brita United Stats enough pleasing China He stated unless concessions China latter radicalism under Russian inspiration With regard Shotwell Although thoughtfully worked schne throws light subject inclined merely complications prese impasse botieen Powers China hardly approval lthouGh proposition shovs ample measure freedom enerosity foundation still suggests tinge interference affairs There choice between which Marquis 0kuma In features where conditions attached slary stipulations allowing rsort diplomatic negotiations resort there still suggotion intervention internal affairs To Hague Court panel judges icisr Because foregoing reasons other except advance farther countries recognize least ciple abolition extraterritoriality We trongly opinion sooner later shall choice conclude bilateral treaty effective throughout entire Chinese domain covering questions rights dence property As tails leave governments comedy But proposal ended conservatism questioning China could house order future This statemen others apanese showed clearly recognized their problem somewhat distinct other foreigners The subsequent Manchurian discussions revealed another phase proposal apanese erals abolish extraterritoriality Manchuria return right perhaps lease Manchuria A personal Shotwll proposal would about follows It tends simplify problem states narrowed issues complex questions before single Perhaps would accurate singled important question Chin demands which based timent goundsin provide effective assurance thsafety foreign lives property China That proposal secure either questionable Perhaps about could foreigners themselves would recognize principle ition extraterritoriality secure China consent transitory system success which should directly condition abolition territoriality tacitly reserved powers Finally light negotiations Nanking subject Kyoto Conference contributed nothing which would regarded those chared responsibility Foreigneeamembers ofthConference hamdlin question concer1in Chin generally China unified little security likely political authorities China formerly Chinese codes while process formation adequate needs projected There feeling however something ought Private Memorandum Kyoto Conference Perhaps important single factor influence discussions problem concessions settlements China presence Mr Sterling sender member American Group Mr Fessenden virtue position Shanghai Municipal Council undoubtedly great influence circles which inclined critical andof opinion represent During lengthy conversations hotel lobbies I elicited Conference personal interest value especially because points expressed which heard before especially subjects irrelevant Shanghai issues He presented views entirely moderate conciliatory manner surprised several reign delegates perha Chinese He quested speak before round tables Shanghai ended definite statement program further including Chinese partic ipation Shanghai Council Dr C L Hsia chief spokesman China subject concessions settlements especially Shanghai problem His preparod Conference The Status Shanghai Kelly Walsh Ltd frequently referred round tables Dr Hsia manifested conciliatory attitude round tables evident pages His exchanges Mr Fssendem entirely without recrimination bitterness On coming Shanghai rarely spoke eachother At Kyoto frequently private ference together Dr Hsia opened subject Shanghai problem review history development foreign control based largely Ha owett British Peking paper circulated British espec ially among their delegates noting point Shanghai trade center great importance before foreigners established themselves there Jowett little reference Shanghai suggesting modu_s__oerand pesent Brief references settlements concessions elsewhere China mention satus returned concessions Dr Hsia contest presented several Chinese Shanghai admin istered efficiently International Settlement He emphasize extraterritoriality feelin Chinese existnco foreign jurisdiction Chinese humiliatin Chinese It generally conceded extraterritoriality abolished status sttlements concessions would automatically change thereafter A Chinese woman delegate round tables point unfortunat settlements concessions sanctuaries political refugees quite impossible Chinese authorities outside International Settle Shanghai pursue alleged criminals bring justice escaped International Settlement A certain American member stated regulations exist International Settlement possible justifiable rendition alleged criminals stated frequently applied Shanghai He stated obvious called political criminals political refugees could readily excluded foreign concessions settlements certain cases would patently unwise unfair He added there officials present Nanking Government founfuge Tientsin concessions elsewhere To alleged abuse would ssary stabilize political conditions China substitute regular judicial procedure present larities Dr Hsia proposed round table program gradual return International Settlement Shanghai instituted should definitely coordinate administrative functions Sttlmnt GreaterShghai dthatthisChaneshouldbeproposed initiobythChinese The latter point emphasized other round tables essenti Ghinese Dr Hsia concluding sections Mr Fosseem after reviewing gener history estaolisent Settlement Shanghai poted without arment responsibilit placd councillors Shanghai 5nportt Shghai become world He showe various administrative services highest municip ainistrators engineers brought anaomgld trained municip aiistration nioipal Oounc Had Wih 0hiese authorities outside especially matters heath ainls trationdin connectionwihter supply He cemented recent Washinon return Shanghai dstated thatust beforeleavingShhaifor onferonco proposed definite increase Chinese ticipation In municipal affairs perhaps adopt nagor ternational Settlomont He clearly intted favored gradu present system direction returning settlement toinoso control emphasized change gradual there sufficiotly trained Chinese officials Shghai present The exchange views between Hsia andFossondon which followed congoni appear grated prooctin spirit conversations negotiations would possiblo progr mutually saisatory Fossonden flattering terms infoation which U S Depa rtment State possessed respect problem He stated privately State Doptmont better informed about 8h8hai problemth people Shghai itself Dr Hsia suggestions Fossenden statement gestion Shanghai Council Conference little nothing concretely formulating specific plans transforming either settlements concessions their present changing status which would entirely satisfactory Ch The psychological facts Conference discussions obvieu uence Of Conference personalities responsibility consider Concessions settlements Nanchuria considered under ohurian agenda incidentally round table which included Baron Sakatsmi Wakaeshi os_gk_geini_chi Iwanaga managing direct Rngo News Agency example considered Private Memorandum Kyoto Conference As prefatory consideration Msmchurian questions which discassd Kyoto Conference round tables comment press attitude expressed leading apanese Chinese before convening Conference It obvious months begore convening Conference agenda permitted there would major attention Manchuzian issues Kyo It generally howver these especially responsible organization conduct Institute narly impossible conference questions Manchuzia considered The apanese Council difficult problem their country As apanse Council delegates Conference principally liberals there naturally Japan cleavage would appear This defin itely evidenced apanese press weeks before Conference A Osak Mainichi Dr Nitobe editor Mr Takaeshi staff members anese Group Conference expressed eitorially before Confer grace Manchurian questions should cussed round principally Sino Japanese uestions This paper editorially Nov example customary among Western peoples lightly coaider special claims Manchuria nuled simple declaration bigotted principle equal opportunity Osaka Mai generally favorable Conference especially after first three discussion The Machin Age Traditional Cultures There among Ja anese expressed press apanse Dairen members apanese Groupb iaelf discussion Manchurian questions would unjustly embarrass The Ngr_t_h _C_hinaStandar_ apanes P eking article effect Americans travelling throu Manchuria before Conference agreed underwrite Chinese report directed against Japan Manchuria As certain members American Group never heard anything natuA action neither templated possible report course subjectively created fluence opinion The _Manchria Da Nc__ws sries articles reprinted making point Conferenc ought attention boycotts China outrages foreigners rather Manchurian questions Mr Taketa S M R Mukden charge passes Conference members wrote article apanese magazine which questioned wisdom Institute placing Manchuria prominently agenda In short evident apanese generally except prhaps certin liberals Japan those perhaps fracas Japanese would superior Conference technique somewhat reluctant admit Manchurian questions Conference feared C hinese wouldtake advantage Conference embarrass Japan spread their propaganda Japanese several newspaper editorials This feeling heightened David leading Chinese member inference placing blame murder Chang Tso The Chines their quite willing Manchurian questions cussed Generally their conference attitude shown especially Mukden group dissimilar Chinese representatives attended Wil liamstown years attitude telling world demand abolition restrictions another There those three weeks before Conference sought impress Manchurian members importance maintaining conservativ composed attitude observing amenities conference Kyoto emphasizing value factual specific reference There vidence Conference generally Chinese Man churia counsel Dr Hs Shu Privat morandum Kyoto Confrence Th Chinese somewhat sceptical independence Amr views subject Manchuria though perhaps generally opinion while nericans intention underwrite Manchurian report prepared Chinese nothing particular Th Infozm ation Office Government circulated press report Americans would likely taken xtreme courtesies Japans especially South Manchuria Railway report which published against btter judgment sagacious adviser Mukden Gov rnmnt W Ho Donald The Chinese ought Japanese giving information offering facilities foreigners travelling Manchuria lsmnt creditable ability Japan In connection might remarked Japanese Chinese always lamenting their inability propaganda The junket foreign mmbrs Conference espcially Americans through anchuria deserves cogent marked effect Confer discussions Generally speakE foreigners little intimate contact Mchuria befor confrence period Professor akslee course interest Manchuria Far astern affairs generally No British group interest The erican British groups travelled Mchuria however briefly enabled epress ceain views otherwise likely andmort created ressn acquired knowledge tainqustions C R dispute known others brief visit Manchuria little ceating exprts Man churia ortace interviews which certain ericans should underestinatd Facilities offered 7kdendHarbin icans interview leading figures concerned Manchurian questions especially C E R dispute Shotwell Kilpatrick Carter Marshal Chug Hsueh ukdendmade flying Harbin toBePking avoiding Dairen Blakosle travelled alone Manchuria returninE China Boyden Howland spent Harbin interviewing President L C E after meetinz Marshal Chang ukden Lorwin Young after interviewing L others remained Harbin dozen important interviews Young spent afternoon Marshal ChanE villa Mukden spent siderable Dairen contact Baron Okra Vice President Odaira S M R several departments other icials S M R No ericans except vJrite returned further investigations Mchuria after Conference Professor Tonbee nGlish Australian mmbrs accomied Mukden Har after Coference ofessor U Wahinzton visit Harbin Th Kyoto Conference opned dscussons hMachine Age Tradition Cultures admittedly subject selected dference Japse wishs Iocu discussions value quitinz Japanese pross though DavidTopnin statement ChanG zurder created widespread criticiszd misgivingsintheJaansepress The cleverlyroldcopyonthdayof opening Mchurian discussions tending thatriccaitsA critical China bcause rican attitude toward offering funds lrough Cross rlief T__ Nov coentd Th pacific riots predomint openin session tmporily thinned Dr David Yui hurld evening conference bringing memories Tsin incident crtain affair ukden His sinution violent death Chang Tso ruined anchuria provinces caused agents Japan created expected strain otherwise pacful atmospher gathering Privat Mmorendum Kyoto Oonf David least satisfaction receiving telegrams Chinese groups Shanghai thanking statement which properly interpreted anese press blamin apanese murder Chang Tso everal Chinese Conferenc David Y mistake including openin statement He actually mention mimeograh statement which referred during public statement He passed opening statement promptly criticized Zumoto floor Lug included mimeographed ement predicting morning papers would which threatened future Kyoto Confer It Very doubtful David Td statement China onference members never heard blame placed Japan incident perhaps conference nowing about affair would David spoken He generally severely criticized having acted indiscretly The subject never again taken round tables The agenda Manchurian questions prepared under nominal direction Dr Kilpatrick actually Dr Shotwell rsponsible Royama Matsuoka represented Japan agenda committee Bau Hs represented China The latter difference opinion Bau occasion temnt might included agenda statement which caused Dr Hs David Hs designated spokesman Manchurian matters Bau thereupon absented himself committee meetings deference Hs feelings The_esult Chinese Japanese ample opportunities suggest points inclusion agenda Manchuria suggest organization There little effort however insist inclusion specific pointse result Dr Shotwell writer actually phrased agenda possible clash important issues Slight changes thereafter suggestions apanese Chinese The agenda however followed scrupulously another round tables chairmen perhaps realiz example complete statement treaty basis Japan rights Manchuria which realized might considerable needless confusion waste questions arose i_h_s legal basis rights claimed One table questions pertain_ing Manchuria three success round table seemed generalsent ivent adequate attention subject reference devlopment subject there The first statements requested first American Chinese Japanese historical backromd Manchurian questions This elicited clear clash opinion China Japan another having fought Russo Japanese The issues evident students subject considered reater detail except first perhaps several Chinese manifested desire least understand feelings apanese whose soldiers fought cause I several Chinese comment point which showed illingness discontinue least slighting reference battles Russo apaneSe Baron Sakatani contribution explained relations H Harriman discussed origin S M R He minister later minister finance lwanaa agreed tinct commercial interests Manchuria problem after white elephant railway acquired Russia He stated apanese policies course primarily strategic memoriesof fresh Sakatani stated worked S M Go actually drafted harter itself The remainder first session athorough consideration sentiment interests Manchuria generally factor taken consideration final solutiok Private Memorandum Kyoto Conference Dr Wang Northeastern Universl effective statem sffer family Russo apanese stating Russians lived tents father village Japanese billeted incidentally member Narshal Chang Hsueh financial mission U S close marshal In evening forum Matsuoka Dr HsH permitted state their cases atsuoka opened printed address which Instead stress economic endence anchuria detail stated genral argument frequently heard anchuria order Japan presence R artery trade Chinese inigration principally dueto peace order maint S R rendering great servic elopment anchuria Chinese apanese struct foreign enterpr anchuria Dr HsH unprepared emotional address ocaaonal supercilious reference Japanese friends impression Chinese themselves frank following His method collegiate debater second order The Jap This In arguments material value overstated should He stated Japan asked mintainin peace Manchuria great China contended peace tained means Japm presence geographical ition anchtria Hs contended prosnce Japanese resulted unusual increase foreign trade Manchuria proceeded justify statement reference graphs He concluded stating Jaioan interfered Chinese dminist Manchuria prejudice development effective Chins administration there nchuria Matsok abruptly finished politely called Tho following morning Matsuoka Hs special forum calid purpose Both interesting Matsoka because direct statement rebuttal Hs because tmpered statements somewhat It atsuoka statement hasized hwover there tendency minimize Russian ambitions astern Asia remained Lorwin public statement inevitability population mowmonts rewaked Pacific Russia would necessary flagW mindfdl crtain facts atsuoka frankly graphs referring Hs creations night before anything preferred stick figurosl Matsuoka cited Fakumon railway evidence China played foreign power against another Manchuria As price asked Japan still occupiod paying S L R dividends Yen spent Russian unpaid Japan Matsuoka asked China willing Hs argument S R should purely conoric nterpris confusion arguments which Hs statementS elicited The second table group referre above sidration principal economic interests foreign Powers Manchuria pecially Japan whole quite inadequate I understand other 9ound tableS A specific request Australian repros entative erican member permitted statement Anglo American economic interests anchu This opportunity therefore given raising question application foreign finance railways anchuria consideration international Banking Consortium negotiations This brought seris direct questions apanese tempted American capital financed railmys Manchuria becaus security Royama An American qestion If Stone Webster sfied security offered Mukden Japanese object Private Memorandum Kyoto Conference capital construction Chinese Hulutao railway Northwestern anchuria The apanese quite unable Matsuok table might mrely stated would objection principle They added while might possibl ucted other foreign capital railways Manchuria altered policy regard Under II agenda Manchuria another round table opportun raise question legal basis Japan exercise consular isdiction polic interior Manchuria No discussion The Japanese however emphasized round rabies desired right interior The Chinese other definitely opposed granting rights fearing poliO canter effects Our round table paticular attention IV agenda exceptionalacs mightm9 beSustifiedbylargeeconomicstakesinan ehuria apparently chairman understanding import wording Other round tables brief attention thoroughly Willisms The matter arose rather sharply however point chair rather abruptly prevented Prof Wright giving legalistic iterpetation ground which intervention justified Rowell Canada chairman there throughout Wright statem however brief applicable might basis valuable exchange views limits Japan rights circumscribe hostilities Manchu prevent unification China The problem Koreans M anchuria consideration value round tables Evidently Chinese Japanese opinion informed aubects naturalization Koreans anchuz character their rental rights Th Chines stern Railway considered under V agenda being agreed aenda committee single question Confer which Soviet delegation would unwise As however question given considerable attention round tables Mr Romm Soviet observer correspondent Tass Tokyo refrained taking He there listen An American asked state racter ussian interests Manchuria This writer brief refonee three points I Rssian interests C R portance Vladivostok S interrelation Manchurian Mongolian issues Then followed statement Chinese against Russi connection present CE R dispute Little added material garnered Americans several interviews Harbin other means Two Mukden mombers however railway mismanaged there effort place Soviet citizens responsibile positions Soviet union employees exercised undue influnce Naturally propaganda issue emphasized Lorwin while repudiatingyconnection Russia pointed Soviet system labor councils transplanting Russian social system understood He declared unjust criticize C E R propaganda manifest itself aainst Chinese 0hers criticized China taking whole matter through diplomatic channels immed iately after questioned China right settle disrega third parties The Pact Paris cited connection An American suggested China ought concede return status negotiaions status might satisfied lgally without disrupting system which China Private Memorandum Kyoto Confcronce operation railway system which would extremely difficult change entirely concluded however present situation contin settlement rocnton vested propriety rights Russia railway It generallyhat Chins right prevent railway Russian propagandaurposs clear Chinese proved alleged propaganda reason tking acttal control system The ficulties Chin position however clearly presented especially inasmuch stated occasions Chineso president authorized Chin ainistrativc authorites enter diplomatic negotiations Soviet Rus first those early occasion sians sccceded provcning whole matter ularizd definite agreement Generally spoaking might railway dispute suffer materially China parties dispute rrcsnted Conference Th Confrenc generally critic Chinese generally disinclined sides It appeared Ro 8oviet observer writer frcent lengthy ersations Conferonce unfair Soviet Russia consideriu question Though speaking attended round tables privately circAlated tyjed statement poaining especially finances anagemont C R since Perhaps luence Conference dispute which apparent critical attitude mifested foreign members toward general assertions Chinese espec ially those EWkden therefore posibl influce indirectly Govrent The third round table which spent Manchuria devoted VII VIII agenda Am opportunity given recalling power treaty concerning principles policies pertaining China contained definite inclusive statement provided frank discussion issues arising connection therewith The adeqacy machinery however generally recognized Th apliction Pact Paris emphasized attention Chin Japanese members world concern Manchuian questions genrallyo Dr Bau emphasized power urged adherence ovisions anchuria particularly It shown Board Referenc contemplated Washingtona9treaty little importance relation vital issues anchuria Th first detailed consideration subject Japanese railway guards point though great attention given legal bases emploent The Chinese urged withdrawal railway guards other admistrstive functions S E R Kwantung Govern railway order railway puroly conercial nterprise None Japanese approval suggestion Taeshi among things declared there strong option Jap which desired regularize mistakes presumeably Jap He presented greater detail theproposal sspnpfiry chgdwithfunctio making specific rcoendations Zor settlement outstanding issues permanent consider questions arose He clear coission outside representation Mr Iwaga added ought function coission study whole relations Chinad Japan Manchuria prepar thorough treaty revision H urged Takaeshi coission should entirely unofficial drepresenta Dr Wang ukden suggested Sine Japanese coission could effective because Chinese coAld maintain position equals against acknowledged superior strength strong policies Japanese A propos independently modelled after Canadi Coission settlement bodary questions A third independent propos effect coission appointed Lague Nations consider Private andum Kyoto Conference wheth certain questions Manchuria capable settlement arbitra inquire facts particular cases refer Council League adjustment another This suggestion strong opposition apanose Chinese speak favor It erally passed unpractical The Conference nothing answering specifically VIII nature round tables hardly competent technical questio To isolate question another pointed first called Manchurian Question appeared single question complex series questions settlement which special procedure perhaps negotiation between Japan andChina solution The round table chaPacterized ended discssion Manchurian questions permitting American mmber speak briefly certain pointsnot hitherto touched round table which might assist enabling China Japan closer together Mancmria solution certain contemporary questions This statement includfirst declarat could imizing bitterness existed between Japanese Chines Nanchuria bitterness standing easily eradicated He assrted there fully hundred incidents between Chinese Japanese alpng railmys South Nanchur since which aggravated feeling these minor incidents grave international cases He asserted caused times arrogance apneso police guards press solutions times Chinese guilty confusing responsibility quently dilatory handling cases Th result settlement which practically dictated solution which olution He stated quality administrative ability character Japanese hiher officials Dairen Port Arthur expressed underlins carry their orders along railway there these cidents In other words solution alteration government policy looking improvement conduct under officials China improve local administration responsibility where Chinese oficials deserved He referred three otstanding cases nchuria including Peiling Railway Incident Tiehling suggested neither abroad unsettled He referred sevezal solutions mentioned specific types machinery merely sugiested machinery should appropriate issue especially because while cases could settled direct Sine Jap anese diplomatic channels others involved interests other states individuals He suggested perhai thought should thorough treaty revision Manchuria stating China would always resent Japan position poduct deands Japan stood several indicating willingness position unquestioned treaty basis He emphasized mutual concession neces difficult might necessary sacrifice specific rights secure others This general statement harty approval Japanese liberals Sakatani Ianaga Takaeshi favozably rceived Chinese Press editorials osa_ka_A_sahi apanse began emphasize neces change direction liberal policy Japan Private emorandum Kyoto Conference This emphasis necessity change psychologiciala ttitudes Chinese especially apanes Nanchuria stressed press releases round tables Nr Chester Rowell See Osak Nov So point concerningtadvisability treaty basis Sino apanse relations anchuria That treaty shotid provisions treaty notes applicabi ghrow which become archaic In other treaty embodying provisions taking consideration present condftions essential The Chinese crtain instances opinion terms identical treaty would wlcomed becase psychologically carries abnoxios impression O_sa_kaiic Nov round release This press release making allowance inacc racies indicate treud discussion round rferred Th Chin however agree whether desiraole possibl China adhesion Sino Japanese treaty which would preserve emamle Sapanese railway along S N R The matter treaty revision however fully frankly discussed private conferences which thereafter between Chins Japans Kyoto Con In respects devlopmnt Kyoto Confreuce inter esting prhaps mportant potential direct result Conference The Chinese Japanese mzbers nmbers beZan daily conversations usually evening sessions exchanged frankly anchuria The Jap laders endeavor Iwanaa managin ector Rengo News Agency ladiug Japan Ir Takaeshi Osaka ainic along Iwanaga deeply impressed activi Conference respect anchurian questions These others informed daily progress discussions Baron Sakatani drachm group I informed finally consented influence direction seeking iprss present Government necessity chane policy anchuria Iwanaza nformd 8akatani consented speak directly Baron Shidehara about Sakatani consented article matic_ _Rview leading vernacular ournal internatiomal affairs Iwanaga Takaeshi already started campaign writing subject atsuoka former president R finally drawn aianese group discussing these questions Chinese though political problems restrictions repeatedly discussed besides admit Conference given first opportunity exchange views frankly Chinese asserting perhaps first Chinese opportunity himself frankly other official conversations declared would earnesti place Sino apanese relations anchuria entirely footing WhetherrMatsuoka active movement remains He informed about return prefecture campaign Diet Yusuke Tsurumi another member Japanese group The Chinese represented Dr J B Dr Jowe Dr Wang North eastern Unversity David Tg Chang Po They stated their convictions frank Japanese these private sessions which began during latter Conference At times appeared common grond could found agreement later generally admitted chasm between broad The Japanese sought however bridge social tertainment possible established obvious rivate emorandum Kyoto Confernce I course exceedingly difficult evate results private conference commission Chiese Japanese members which during after Kyoto Conference The influonce individuals perhaps important achievement example possible influence Mat suoka aspires Minister Foreign Affairs It evident sides opportunity other point itself achievement Nminally commission carry private being organ frank discussion between Chins Japanese Actually questionable intentions certain members It evident however Japanese concerned there likely definite influence press Japan liberal laying their plans _09a__k_Asa Mr Takahara editor Osak__a Ma ich_i Dr Nitobe editor Mr Takaehasi staff Tokyo papers program The Japanese liberals least committed things Japanese policy continual irritation Chinese along S M R endeavor secure eneral treaty evision Manchuria The Osak AsKh editorial vrnacular Nov lamented almost insuprabi ficulties arisen btween Chines Japanese Conference nestly hoped would found overcome these differences Some Chin mmbers rturned Mukden after having writer thatfor first discovered there easonable people Japan however abused their treaty rights sought political influence Manchuria least certain vital conomic interests As seven Chinese delegatesce Manchuria Mukden Ki threeatleast esewerep acticallydesignayMarshalChangHsueh liang possible report Conference marshal receive least But Chang Hsueh liang reasons bitter against Japan It evident played ericans especially cussions Manchuria vital effect tempering Japanese Chin statements attitudes This before Conference Americans thought Japanese inclined underwrite indictment against Jaioan Manchuria Japanese attitude changed extreme caution respect deference outside views shown their admission always maintained Japan where matters foreign desires finance railways ManchUria corned A dozen Japanese newspaper editorials essed attitude indic certain quoted Japan T_imes Nov Supreme nterest attaches possible attitude Ameraei gaion conference above oblems Manchuria Osaka As_h Japan Advertiser Nov The Manchuria oblem attracted attention While discussion China questions attitudes American theother representatives consistently peaceful observant endeavoring preserve quiet Japanese Chinese nerves irritated discussion Manchuria Jaime Nov The result Con erence generally looked delegates present specially Japanese highly reassuring Manchuria problems Japan succeeded acquainting general fozeign representatives position policy nation Privatm andum KyotoConference The J_an Adv rtiser Nov artici T C Achiils staff correspondent Referring partyivnth Chinese J apanese Achilles wrote Dl Chen Matsuoka songs drank othrs health often international required A prominent Chinese delegate declaimed dfinite rappzocheznt after years estrangement between nations might begun confer He declared mombers groups actually wanted friendship their nations active sense prepared spread dsire reasons which He declared delegations contained would advisers negotiatol national agreenent between nations actual negoti thmslveso Personal trust between prominent nations decla stablished confer before decades Achilles quotes Chester Rovell declared Chines J determined Japan crpet apanse equliy detrmin Conference ororessed things The Chinese accepted position unreservedly moderate The Jaanosc followed abndonnod their stand attitude rmthen deleg ations actually listened other ondred night somothing other after __mont of__f__flect Kot___o Ianchur Aside general eucative effect Confermnc delegates opinion othcrwis somewhat informed through press releases through rather uablc conference publications would significant effect churian questions possible bearing tempering liberalizing Jap anese policy espect anchzia It obvious liberals Con ference little contact influence bureauc forces On theact Co nference could achievement which liberals future ourposs Moreover ference scssions occurred somewhat foreign policy manifested Shidehara rginc Fozeign Office At least Baron Sakatani seems closc Shidehara intention approach suggest crtain procedure actually originally gested Kyoto Conference remains There ffect Natsuoka aspires political position Foreign Office Thcr doubt Iwanaa Takashi members Conference Takahara Qs definitely intend mozentum Con orence worth direction influencin public opinion tempr policy Manchuria treaty revision Treaty revision couzse problem Japan China steps might taken impossible sides might illing sacrifice rights achieve others The ukden group return Marshal Chanz Hsueh report Conference I several apanese includinG Natsuoka convey certain statements Chang The ukden group eager See marshal again ukden during November Dr Wang Northeastern University brother Dr C T Wang Nanking Wang played leading Conference though critical results hopeful The outsiders Americans British present their legitimate interest Manchuria without incurring Japmuese opposition achievement It ntersting however manifests itself change Japan policy anent nerican finance railways anchuria Prira Nemorandum The round tabls dealing specific problems foreign lations dvotd consideration diplomaiic machinery peace machinery Pacific Area Obviously irime attempt round tables subject ascertain specific Pact Paris could implemented provide specific oeedur settlement Pacific questions round table apparonly ascertain machinery procedure questions concerning China might subjected sttlmnt under present conditions The agenda evidently prepared under close direction Profesor Shotwell indicated invocation which appeared namely quota Four Power Pact Wah Conference Th agenda comitt however certain tations after Professor Shotwell consulted thorcon In table attend writer following others prsnt Viscount Hailsh Toynbee Webster Naclnnes 8hotwell Quincy Wright Jeromo Greene chairmm GrTaylor Matsubara Takaishi Natsuoka L T Chen L KTao D K Lieu The round table opened Profess Webster U Wals questioning whether quotation Four Power Pact utility asked Covenant League Nations omitted agenda He urged under League there sufficient machinery provide settlement questions Pacific powers concerned invoke Professor Shotwell explained omission Covenant Lague agenda especially under apparently sight which caused dropped after agenda hands He great assur Professor Webster prsonally Covenant League major importance being inclined minimize importance His explanation perhaps subtracted which might otherwise pormioted presentation looking toward progression Pact Paris itself changes views followed application Four Power Pact It pointed little application really grave problems caused irritations misundrstandings Pacific An American pointed confusion application natural especially among Ameicans American press publicity Socrotary Stimson sought invoke Pact Paris C R dispute calling representa tives powers signatories For Power Pact others Discussion turned consideration peace machinery under prosont international agreemonts which Pacific states signatories Professor Quincy Wright summary machinery He stated Hague arbitra convention binds Pacific states Covenant League He cited signed Pacific powers exeept U S S R Articles XI XV XVII Covenant briefly laining application He noted statute Permanent Court International Justice signed Pacific powers except U S U SoS R several signatories optional clause ulsory arbitration Juris diction compulsory mandate cases commented briefly advisory opinions He noted Washington agreements signed various powers except Russia noting especialy theNine Power Pact Eqe Pact Paris binds signatories policy China Private emorandum using instr national policy binds slnatories settl8 disputes peaceful peitting slide attitude settling dispute He pointed there sveral lateral agreements bitrationdconcilation signed Pacific states noting Jap signed there between Jap China Th Bryan peace treaes cited boundary treaty providing coission Bilateral treaties arbitration conciliation exist between China U S Netherlds other After statement Professor Webster stated British dominions Pacific signified their intention optional clause world court statute noted general convention settlement disputes recently considered France Britain The round table proceeded waive specific discussion agenda discuss questions pertinent though contain therein Professor Shotwl signified objection procedure Viscount Hailshamthen suggested importance which opportunity discuss peaceful means ementioned Pact Paris discuss measures constraint short boycott intervention which might lgitimately illegitimately employed instruments national policy securing settlement disputes Jerome Greene chairman favored emphasis discussion The discussion turned subject boycott especially China Dr Matsubara stated caseusing British boycott China illustration The Japanese showed their eagerness question discussed other round tables under various sections agenda previous Natsubara raised lgitimacy boycott connived govrnmnt atsuoka raised question Lord Hailsham diplomatically illustration development might called hypothetical American boycott conducted British using progression obviously order raise question applied China In ngland stnps carry inscription Buy British goods What cangd American goods Would boycott would egitimate He suggested perhaps there difference between manners But government actually subsidimed boycott organizing Fascisti denounce nglishm American goods unpatriotio would violation international And should destroy Amer property Nngland ffort carry boycott vould violation inteznational U S landed marines Graves proceed Lon would intervention Would struzent national policy He cited Corfu episode He iiwas interesting diffieult point whether motive change legal illegal Jerome Greene asked therea difference between between boycott policy useor olitical objec He thought distinction should brawn rofssor Wright staed theabsence express convention point question right prohibit trade boycott generally considered domestic question He blieved under Art XI Covenant Leagu third parpcould bring boycott question He believed Pact Paris appiication however probbly interpreted least peaceful means He stated interrational built around definition definitions paceful means emphas changing Professor Shotwell followin interesting state Priw Nemorandn Shotwll I frankly Pact Paris fails signally answer question peaceful settlement fails because leaves decision these points unilateral decision parties dispute There penanent machinery define these particular cases arise Professor Wright added interpretation subjects cannot entirely within authority state acting unilatermly matter international based treaties conventions An American member suggested discussions Viscount Hailsham Professor Wright suggested following questions might without perhaps expecting specific answers bases further considerat Is subjeo boycott proseription limitation internation agreemnts degree respect boycotts Z Is possible proscribe limit action states performing other actions short resorted instruments national policy intervention circumscribing hostilities civil massing roops frontier reenforcing garrisons Nay actions short measures restraint constraint resorted legitimately protectiof large vested economic rights imminent danger destruction abridgment Nay resorted reprisals forxmple against boycott boycott legitimately resorted reprisal against actions intervention circumscribing hostilities Is international definitive above points In there bilateral multi lateral treaties conventions defining rights between states ikely expect general convention these points which powers Is intervention ustifid under international under certain specific conditions wouldeit necessary concede these limits before attempting proscribe intervention Dr atsubara asserted sovereig should certain limit ations exercise boycotts should limited He noted economic boycotts sanctioned under League Covenant Hailsham pointed analogy which sought Article XVI Covenent imperfect because sanction multilaterally against recalcitrant state He apparently misunderstood Dr Natsubara reference Covenant Dr Natsubara analogy The meeting No consideration given specific machinery implementing Pact Paris Washington treaties Covenant League perhaps because Professor Shotwell speak definitely those points The discussion diverted discussion possible legitimate illegitimate boycotts though discussions brought definite problems serve shunt discussion diplomatic inery discard It other round tables little attention proposals andame greater general understmding points The ficulty devising effective machinery handling questions apparent Manchuria generally recognized The tengency settle questions direct negotiation important factor predinE present machinery American Club Shanghai China December Walter S Rogers director The Institute Current World Affairs Fifth Avenue New York City My Mr This brief acknowledge letter rceipt second advance frown cable hsving arrived I understand during November I called today December I arrived Shanghai Tsintao Dairen yesterday afternoon I shall delay cable acknowledgment until tomorrow there second which I shall include In event history receive January Many thanks prompt remittance Shang I Ha especially forwarded I never intimate contacts official Chinese before I opportunities soldier escort country about Harbin I preparing reports offic certain studios I there future perhaps three years hence value Th Keerr Mission leave Shanghai shortly npedes ertain plans I Shanghai You itical unsettlement caused Pukew December It probabl I Nanking Hankow Nondayin company engineer delegate Tokyo Conference Ny planseto leave Shanghai either befor after Christmas attle about January nablg inWashingtonandBaltimoretfirstek inFbruary INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS FIFTH AVENUE NEWYORK COUNCILONFOREIGNRELATIONS Ic W EST STREET NEW YOKK CITY December Walter S Rogers Esq Institute Current Affairs Ave New City Dear Nr Rogers I sending C ialter Young interesting report I promptness returning persuade future reports I partic ularly anous going Northern anchuria With sincere thanks I Yours SHANQHA DEC NLT OHAS IRANE NEWYORK HAS R PRANE ROOvl AVE F GERS MONEY REoEIVED K IN DLY ADVANtE TiO HUNDREt O ITYBANK TOKYO ARRIVE ASHINgTON EARLY FEBRUARY YOUNo 1132A 1228A Chargetoiheaccountof_Ins urent Vord Awe DOMESTIC C AB LE TELEGRAM FULL RATE DAYLEI I ER DEFERRED NIGHT cABLE MESSAGE LEI FER WEEK END LErER LEER PatronsBboul deboekelB WESTEKN UNION Sendthefollowingmessage subjecttothetermsonbackhereof whichareherebyagreed TOO Japan THE QUICKEST SUREST AND SAFEST WAY TO SEND MONEY IS BY TELEGRAPH OR CABLE NA217 CABLE YOKOHAMA DEC 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