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10/19/1932 - miscellaneous correspondence through 11/30/32 by C. Walter Young

PATRONSAREREQUESTEDTOFAVORTECOMPANYBYCRITICISMANDSUGGESTIONCONCERNING ITS SERVICE SIGNS DL DayLetter WESTERN NM Night Message Telegram Cable unless NL NightLetter ferred character LCO Deferred Cable dicated suitable NLT CableNightLetter above preced UNION address WLT Week EndLetter Thefilingtime showninthedateline ratetelegramsanddayletters andthetimeofreceiptatdestinationasshown allmesages isSTANDARDTI IE NB SHNGTON C 110IA MINUTES IN TRANSIT WALTER S ROGERo NSTTUTE OF CURRENT EORLD WORLD AFFAIRS FFTI4 AVE DELAYE NFORKATON GENEVA ASSEMBLY DSCUSSONS LIKELY BE FEW DAYS WORK HERE VERY USEFUL SO PLAN REANNG iONDAY PROCEED NG NGHT ADDRESS COSiV OS CLUB GREETNGS YOUNG THE QUICKEST SUREST AND SAFEST WAY TO SEND MONEY IS BY TELEGRAPH OR CABLE CONVERSATIONS CONF DETIAL Washin D C Mass Ave N W Was hington D C North Unofficial Soviet Russian representative U S Ao With Mr Skiversky I lengthy conversations first Oct morning arrival Washington stayed order conversation before going New York second luncheon residence October R Mr 8kiversky supplied files organizations public ation place mailing future He acquaintance Asked statement Rep effect USA R proposed Inter allied Siberian Ex pedition correct mentioning State Department issued statement denying I stated I noted Report final draft I hesitated accept checked using materials library concluded statement techuicsolly correct misleading I press point befor Commission I gneral interest sction Report On point speaking K H later I raised question strongly Report detail noted rrors bound Pport orysuchrport consequential bthat tscmically realistically error urged through State Dpartment volume corresgondence again R ssion wrongly given Dptmnt could always bckgrond particlar action proposal publishing given document sending initial proposal U S A R I interested further I would check myself R Nr R S issue portion Report iving impression consid surprisingly factual frank 8oviet 0fficia____ Attitude Asked official titude might xpcted Narkomindel Nr S there statement statement being inconsequential official enter ofcava incasetGovrn nUsdtoise apointor The U S S thefore determine attitude futue 8oviet Nr S referred recomuendations Chapter X I lainedmy irresponsibility textual content tingtt U S S would r_ioai aression agreement withapand China since suggestion veiled Repot based under stding Soviet manner thinking questions evidently Soviet Russia would enter tripi aggression Japan China capitalist countries T inference CONVERSATIONS CONFIDENTIAL Skivrsky The inference arrangement present practicable U S S R having decide rather Between aggression closer relations Ch As latter regemphasized known General Chiang Kai continues intransigeant campaign against communists Yangtze valley there little improved relations National Government Nanking Asked information agreement arrived since I China Septem exchange diplomatic representatives betwoen information impossible there might reasons concealing minimizing League meeting lapanese position Manchwria relation Manchukuo I information prevalence China today private public circles communist areas sovietized areas around Hankow should alone water tight compartments without interference outside except By political persuasion permea being Gov ernment incompetent carry campaign complete extermin ation Manchurian situation peasants really great gievance which needed remedied moreover certain communities would quite impossible restore status where landlords dispossessed lands taken possession peasants areas should their destiny definite policy National Government competent experts omics solve their problems I noted Commissionmade every endeavor obtain information necessary enable thereunto understand Russian interests triangular situation Manchuria They understood perfectly Soviet policy refraining permitting Commission Or Staff contact their officials Manchuria U S wanted entirely freeo attitude after investigation unfettered conduct important Soviet Government evidently pursued policy since Mukden Incident September refraining giving Japanese pretext carrying conflict Soviet territory That statement could defended month month presen Np personal contacts solely Mr Znamensky Consul General Mukden I guest zakuska party later guest luncheon arranged Tass friand In spite Mr Z personal Mr Slavutsky Consul General Harbin latter begged excused seeing apologizing being inhos pitable assuring through third party I would welcome I attached Commission orders oscow anything Commission order prevent apanese having pretext against U S Re This quite nderstandable The Commission I explained however C E R question thoroughly content Repo evidences Soviet Russian point interests involved I succeeded spite cooperation U S S R latter grounds criticism score Mr S apparently accepted R CONFIDNT IAL CONRSATION8 Skversl Mr S askedme apparentlywithanearnestdesirethavemyjudgment I thought ought Soviet attitude policy toward Lytton Report November Assembly meting Prefacing reply statement I thought policy Soviet point would occurred Taaris regime power freely admitted admitting there adequate causes fromthe Soviet point canons dplom applied national honor aggression defense I noted IZvsi editorial March which I garded crystallisation Soviet policy lines Japan could about wished Manchuria Soviet armies ready defence their counlst moment there attempt invasion Russia Mr S reaffirmed attitude Soviet policy enduring provacations however great humilitatios would thought Japanese military would permitted march straight Harbin witho leave except facto As judgment future I hesitate I SHOULD LIEE TO SEE THE U S S R FOLLOW A POLICY OF PRACTICALLY C0fFLNTE AS FAR AS THE REPOEr ITSELF WAS CONCERNED Why That would enable Powers without embarrassment U S S R would responsibility sqaarely would argument US S Re nigger woodpile would enabl U S SP support unified actie merits Sinooapanese Otherwise there great danger would passed around inaction status Manchuria would maintained Recotion Manchukuo andtheSoviets Askedwheerthere someustificationfortattitudeincertainericancircles thattheU S S mghthaveasecretderstandingthJap apoint Mr S saying could understd there could notion exchange Soviet Manchuo consuls Cta Blagovestchensk barovsk Vladivostok direction offorecognition Mr S strongly urged suchexchangesmerelyanecessaexpedient andhadnotgto reception I should interpreted recog U S S intending recognizetew state Iexpressedtheideattthemereact ofrecognitionsventoo emphasis today popular contemporary itsusulyoy declaratory already establis really poant matter intention policy involvede nition evenwngiven ghtbewithdraTheU S SeinMchuria dshomoreali iforientalism inplayingtmewhatever dictates protocol The ssians dersteod Japanese Ca westeers diplomacy I derstood perfectly should notdwtoehasty conclusions fromforlism noted reasons U S Se might forced difficult position Jap urging recoiion Mchuo price aggression apese evidently lessmilitatinarch July matter leech clouds Mr S strongly urged however U S intend ecoize CONVERSATIONS CONFIDENTIAL Skiverskey America_ Rscoamition SoYiet Russia We naturally drifted subject Manchuriao I recalled conversation point information State Department informed C G George Hanson Harbin December Second Stimson Note C E R ispute Kellogg Paco There wires crossed State Department I responsible inference Department uninformed because formal relations U S S R incorreco As Litvinoff wrathful criticism Stimson I thought unwise however honest wrath Mr S agreed especially Stimson keptharping statement U S SR Litvinoff naturally acted other state would wanted Mr S explained Stimson habit spending three estate office occasion C E R situation developmd before Second Stimcon Note He breezed office probably without consult information Hansona Harbin night December Chinese delegates Harbin having returned NikoIsk initialled agreement armistice could contended diplomatic negotiations between China Rssia drafted Second Stimson Note Mr S supplied missing which alays puzzled I travelled train Chinese delegates Harbin Mukden morning December S puzzled I askin rumor Harbin cabarets night before about another Stimson Hanson actually dispatches I Depart adequately informed negotiations under Stimson vidently still attempts convince people Second Stimson Note responsible settling C E R dispute It rathe provocative Kellogg Pac little nothing bringing about those local negotiationso Mr S stressed point Manchurian R econition situation which embittered America apanese relations development sentiment favor recognition U S S R A press shown addition Borah actual majority Senate Foreign Relations Committee favored There sentiment Wall Stree which favorable Opposition continaed American Federation Labor Mathew Well Hoover irreconcilable He strongly opposed recognition continued about dumping forced labor Stimson evidently minded taken Hoover rebuffs Reosevelt attitude minded doubt there would Be gress tovrd recognition electede His personal relations State Department dealt Section heads being accredited could confer Secretary The A erican atmosphere conducive superficial frankness relations pleasant somewhat anomalous unable aainst conservatism around As Whites digging their grave indiscretions several camps Manchurian affair referring Pars grous OERSATIONS CONFINTIAL Skiversky Spyig FenchRe ipDs_ Greatly improved since Maor cause German situation France wanting securihy against Germany being pressed Germany demand right Again Soviet Roumatian relations improved France arbiter against Soviet Rumanian But negotiated though ratified little doubtful outcome would because cabinet change Rmania But French Governmentwas inclined Poland Rumania against U S R formerly France feared security because Germany Again Herriot ministry inclined termswith U S R This already adequately demonstrated inclined rather G B conservatives might formulate oppom ition Lytton Report favoring inaction stagnation status favoritism ffapan As disarmament policy U S S unchanged peace through complete disarmament other European states refuse disarm Note Mr S wanted contact Mr Romm Tass correspondent Geneva Paris might Geneva about I Romm close friend since I timately Tokyo Kyoto THEOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY BALTIMORE MARYLAN THE WALTER HINES PAGESCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR October Young Very hearty thanksyou sending memorandumonsecret protocols which I _readingwit utmost interest I shall course respect request memorandum entirely unless until released In meanwhile however I general terms written Mr Howland Chinese Japanese versions protocols submitted Lytton Commission found substantially purport there would appear reason special effort facsimile copies connection Mr Howland doing He anxious I written I understand New York before Again thanking kindness I remain Yours sincerely I Mr C Walter Young Care Institute Current World Affairs Fifth Avenue New York N Y UNITED STATESLNES TEIGRAMS LOS ANGELES CALIF NOV INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS 5FIFTH AVENUE NEW TORK INVITED DOCTOR YOUNG TO SPEAK INSTITE WORLD AFFAIRS RIVERSIDE CALIFORNIA WEEK D ECEBER ELEVENTH TO SIXTEENTH NO REPLY DOUBTLESS DUE TO HIS ABSENCE CAN INFORM N IF DR WILL ACCEPT AVAILAILE DATE AND SUBJECT FOR DISCUSSION SHALL APPRECIATE ANY INFORMATION IA GIVE AS PROGRAM GOING TO PRESS SOON R B VON KLEINSMID NEV YORK NOV PRESIDENT R B V0N ILEINSNID UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES CALIFORNIA YOUNG IN EUROPE TIE HIS RETURN HERE UNCERTAIN DEPENDS IAINLY UPON DEVELOPMENTS AT GENEVA IN REGARD MANCHURIA STOP LITTLE LIKELIHOOD HIS BEING IN THIS COUNTRY BY IDDLE DECENGER WALTER S ROGERS TELEGRAMS IA EII CE TO ALL I OTAL TELEGRAPH PAILT OF THE M OIILI TO ANI HEILE IN THE LtNITEI STATES I I RE X BRO I ST For other purposes phone BOwling Green LF PAI I LI CI IA 8CRANE NY TIIES SQUARE EWYORK TIMES Rogers Fif Avenue New York Ci Dear Rogers Yovaqg piece opportu having areIproofs Zicle S ovember If cosec would plesse commics hursdy morning I precis courtesy Yours sincerely Lay Edi Di0G M WORLD WIDE A HADIO OORPORATION OF AMERIOA SUBSIDIARY ORM F A TEL MURRAY HILL RE C IVE D AT W St STANDARD TtMI FA65 SZ2zO XBX GENEVE I50 LCD CHASCBANE NEWYORf ROGEBS ARRIVED GENEVA LAST NIG OUNCIL POB_ABLY CONSIi EING LYTTON REPORT TUESDAY WEDNESDAY RECEIVING JAPANESE REBUTTAL CHINESE PROBABLY UNCRITICAL COMMISSIONERS PREPARED REPLY CiITICiSi COiI FTEE NINETEEN WILL ECEIVE REPORT REPOTING ASSEMBLY ENABLINg ME CONOLUDE OBSERVATIONS HEPE BEFORE FIFTENT AS TIMES ARTICLE PUBLISHED YOUNg RICHEMOND LC0 Nov Walter Tog Hotel Rieond Geneva Atlele appears Saygeetis Rogers secure prompt action inquiries origrinal RADIOGRAM should presented office LEPHONE HANOVER R C A COMMUNICATIONS Inc Intelephoneinquiriesquotethenumberprecedingtheplaceoforigin NEWY0 TIMES SUNbAY NOV I E M ANCHUR IA DEBATE BEGINS COURSES OPEN T THE LEAGUE adviser Lytton Commissmn Suggests possiblel MethodsofD mgWlth Disputeinthe Eat LeagueOoviOiwillmeeto ndsecurity withor Se Both Lytton report norrow consider Lytton VomnStio eport Man ethods dealing vonseor commissionaac B WTERYOUNG hazardous venture redic T attitude tieLeaemay toward Lyto report Problems politics especially European olitics quesions security rmamnt attempts develop international structure peace machinery inseparable Manchurian dispute One might nablycontendtha theirsolution ultimate liquidation Of Manchurian dispute equal tgency might argue Manchurian dispute should settled possible erits aresult world problems would sisted process deple these uncertainties ifferences opinion possible three possible methods League action regardto Lton report Ft resolution onfundamental rtnctples Assembly attempt implement report international conference Dn Eastern affatr I A REAFFIRMATION The first these ossible method coercion requires unanimity approval either Japan China relies effectiveness largely power world opinion imple ertion League So would fundamental principles covenan League Ke loggBrtand inePower treaty involved Th Assembly suppor Council might res0Iut drafted purpose ndieat those great covenants peace claUSes Containing specif osition taken Stae Depart ccount their violation January possible Th eSolution affirm rdual resrat 6fthe status elUai iance Manchuria princip enumeratedin Chap mintstative ystem IX Lyton report third reconcilable rovision States Any solution League c0venant Kellg hould conform provisions andthe Nine Power covenant League Na Briand tions Pact Paris qtnePower treaty Washington The resolution might declare approving States would agree individually action Far East especially respect Manchuria contrary those principles Thus approving States would bound accord recognition Manchukuo fundamentals Would hasten those seventh principle Lyto report provides administrative ystem Manchuria htonomous within Chinese State reconcilable provisions_ Nine Power treaty respecting erritorial administrativ tnteg China The Question Not ltcogniiton Such resolution would inferen tially otherwise accept called doctrine recognitionef facto situation Manchuria brought consequence violation Pact Paris which called Stimson doctrine That League States would agree pursue dividually policy respect Manchuria which enunciated United States Stimson Japan China Jam The_ epinton called Sttmson doctrine recogni irreconcilable Lytton report cannot taken seriously treaty However anomalous sttuation Manchuria tmrnedidt future likel course which giveshe The American policy alrea served crystallize senti favor ofnon recognition MSn5hfikuo The adoption Assembly resolhti0n suggested definite There isnpossibilityofacomplete riyofChin would reconstruct restoration status Clino Jp treaty relations recog Manchuria which Manchuria foundation mized China responsible cooperation instead conflict officials Lytton report placing Outworn provisions recommends recognition eaties agreements Manchukuo realistically applicable present ognizeg course situation would provide sPecial tmmediate future devise machinery procedure gradual Chino Japanese disputes ioncilia dation Manchurian rbitration gstablish which account security through eontemP0rary situation those gression mutual assistance which would place Chino Japanese human power commercial elations generally factors which Operating entuaily integration Mancuo D RECT NEGOTIATIONS The second possible cours League steps implement rcommendatin Lytton relrtaentatncd hapter Marchurian means direct ng0tiationetween JaPanand China isted visory ference perhaps tnihdtn neutra iobservers SUCh cedue Wohld leave operationf normal diplomtic tiations btween Japanee Cht5 representatives andwouldseek conjunction advisory conference obtain agreement tlemcnt embod instru three ofthem Chino S aanese treaties These agreements would autonomous administrative system ManChuria econcilable territorial tdministrativ integ foundation commercial treaty A Baxrler Negotlaflon But proposal direct fiego tiations likely accepted present Japanese gates Geneva The existence Manchukuo cited stacle which precludem negotiating China concerning Manchuria In present temper opinion publio private circles Japan expected Japanese Government stepchild Manchukuo Here apparent dilem Obviously situation would counsel provisior might termed period grace peace In course concealed complete failure League ultimate victory The bifurcates One royal League The other starting point departure might eventual spectacularl liant success There isalikelihoodthatth Tap delegation debate facts forth Lytton report demonstrate tablishrnemt peace order Japanese Manchukuo troops matter suggest other States accord formal recognition Man chukuo progressively conditions Mnchuria improve empha incompetence national government China establish sponsible government China Manchuria threatentowithdrawfrom theLeague Japanese point accepted A period grace proposal which people Manchu would permitted decide themselves govern liked during which period Japanese troops cooperate Manchukuo troops bring order M anchuria unlikely advanced Japanese lution The purpose would pigeonhole Lytton report Un qualified acceptance proposal would achieve purpose The League would hands whole Manchurian under guise accepting practical posal 3ralue Time Factor Reco gnizing however present Japanese Government immediately expected change policy respect Manctukuo grave internal quetfdS Japan stake might possible qualify Japanese proposal inlependently period grace agreed Time utilized League might tcontribute solution reconcilable League covenant without resort force Forces inManchuriaarenowmost thdrawal0 Thehope violently opposition Man success Such program chukuo rgime pursuance pected continue The Japanese first methodthe adoption military adventure already resolution vindicating funda expensive Its glamour mental principles Inlv oIved under The covenant League ellog paying population Japan Briand Nine Power increasingly restless under Treaty incorporating strain The Japanese economic principles Chapter IX boycott continues China Japa Lytton report would weakerx Lytton repor position Japanese military convenient Manchuria world unpleasant unprofitable Moreover althougl situation Manchuria All these geared Lytton report factorsgiven serve League might value again strengthen League questing neutral observers In meantime might situation Manchuria turned toward improving moments III FAREASTERNCONFERENCE Ooncluion lVorced Leagu The third proposal which seems At outset League within range reasonable possibility conclusion whether would convening inter serious threat national conference Far Eastern Japan withdraw League affairs better serve future mediate situation Manchuria especially Europe reaining Seek liqaidation through atten within circle great power which larger issues which refused bound present impasse insepa dertakings considering rably bound covenant important The powers large small membership single State The interests Eastern Asi possibilities future suppor consider those questions which League United tates there agreement Japan Soviet 1Russi China would opportunity volved caseif desired Should Japan threaten eriously Nine Power treaty withdraw powerm probably should subject reconsidera prevail recon Chit similarly able_ sider arguing poettion state If there should agreement conference great 5oWercertainly outside might opened bringing Far E rWould thereby preju Manchurian situation within S withdralfrom bounds international covenants become effec The weight world opinion could iiitil years after focused results Such notice intention withdraw conference might serve meantime obligations plement practical covenant fulfilled recommendation Lytton report The question Japan right which provides international continue mandatory operation China reconstruction Yap would raised China The acceptance proposal would thenceforth advan Far Eastern conference would using League forum enable Japan China League criticism Japan while Japan which alone would opportunity defend create conditions under which herself satisfactory liquidation Man Japan League telatlon churian situation accom Unless Japanese military plished The issue critical determined program while tinental expansion Asiaathe A crisis graver character pense China pethap S Soviet might Russia expected averted restrained somewhat The American position would cautious counsels their diplomats favorable proposal Such program would eventuRlly velop unless J cides fight single international conference onFarEast handed withdrawal tLeague affair ifcludihg Manchuria would appear Short However unlikely expect sighted Japan proposal initiated remaining Leag Abrupt United States emanating withdiawal would either Great Britain France unlikely example might receive hearty Unless Japan intends Such conference might permanent military called pursuance Article XI ation Manchuria League might bring League covenant consequence pressure theJapanese implication consultation Government limit contained Pact Paris light Nine Powertreaty DOG DROP IT alreadybeen materiall ffeCtd Manchurian adventure That discussion stipu gtion ageemeht involved Such eonferdnce might Far East Stat which initiated proposal signatorie Power treaty othrs including U S S R might invited attend without operation latter conference would small justificatio success An international conference Eastern affairs under dition might serve prevent disintegration world intotwo geographical blocs European Eastern Asian provide means whereby United States could participate effectively world problem finding aequi librim ecurity THE OBABILIT The members United State resort coercive methods ehforce aeceptanc Japan settlement Manchurian The great powers onstrated quite conclusively resort every device pssible avoid application Article Xof covenant which vides called conomio punot mprobaliethe great powers would agree theirAmbassadors TokyO impose embargo munitions though there should agreement formal resolution Assembly cnsure Japan aggressor State which transgressed covenant Kellogg Briand Ntne Power treaty Not until Japan withdrawn League would coercive measures become abilities The likely cours League essentially quasi coercive The outlined category ShoUld internationaloconfeence Far Eastern affatr ticaI powers proceed program internatiOn cooperation assist China solve internal political economic problems operating through League experts financial assistance degree solicited Chinese Government The Credit Determinant credit likely further affected attitude Leagu considers Lytton report Should powers refrain ognizing Mchukuo Ja anesa military occupation Man churia continue indefinitely ficult Japan obtain credits abroad enterprises Manchuria particularly financiers reluctant grant unthinkable Manchukuo bonds abroad would worth paper written A quasi coercive timulfi plate debacI Would iernational bankers ehould agree themselve concentrate their efforts rather China proper Manchuria No major War duration fought today without internation financial credit In there CooperatiVe Icy between Gres ritsin States respect Ohina these relation orientation there little change Far East situation Contemrary possibilit distur buncos intramural China thosewhich occurredayrago inMdnchuria AnAngl0 Amertcco QPerative policy directed toward sisting China solve internal problems would prevent development contribut liquidation Manchurian ation reconcilable Nin Power treaty ultimately interest Japan Japanese security Mnchuria Japanese economic interests there China proper sgfeguarded axiomatic ddependence Japanese Chinese economy recognized basis orientation Japanese policy Eastern Asia The Lytton report taking Manchurian crisis pointsaay vhichth J themselves eager travel HStel chemond Gen november Mr alter S iogers Institute uurrert Affairs Fifth Avenue Dear Rogers This historical Rovember Tomorrow uouncil convenes consider Lytton eport japanese Delegation filed Sir Urummond presenation uouncil lengthy Oocument stating japan positon contains little chiding uommission being blind believe anything except apanese Gfted Gods continuing world You accept point competent truth alone understand reasonable people forget about ommission Inquiry I arrived youee ormed cable Wednesday ember owing arrival A tchman member formation Section ecretariat attached Lytton Com mission economic expert telephoned early inviting lunch That first contact League procedure business Pelt remains excellent infbrmant I constantly touch I shall probably classified distinguished visitor obtain entry sessions Council Assembly beginning tomorrow My closest friend Dr A D A Eat Ane Dutchman Commission Manchuria He Lyt personal request status doubtful especially other conssioners proposition personally Earl Eat morning Young Marshal flying field Commission Shanghai September Eat defender Commission thesis Manchukuo He worked intensely weeks Commission thing I afraid least Earl caled submit privately Eat hotel daily contact erome Green____e Ne notes there foureen indiv iduals another associated I P Re We talked Bamff agenda today interest Chinese apanese scholarship U S urging I C W A agency whose field could pioneering gathering about nucleus Amer scholars would linguistics seriously under guidance Institute On I conversation Mr It__o Japanese Dele gation Geneva Council resolution Of December adopted having something drafting We Shanghai March later attached Japanese Assessor office Ito those Japanese began being entirely accord militarist ideas seems victimized fatalistic loyalist tendencies I still believe hearst sympathy whole Manchurian adventure I definite thesis present He received interest offered carry Matsuoka centered around Far Eastern Conference could _noasse For conversations importance I careful notes I Geneva During I brief A Sweetzer asked lunch occupied I possible achieved nothing He knows hotelo I lunched Dr Hsi_a Chin Edinburgh Chinese technical councillors arrived London legation We round table Kyoto Dr Yuan another councillors I Washington since I New York He Chinese residing hotel other readily accessible course John suggestion I Richemond certainly service happens I sufficiently removed either delegation Secretariat On through Pelt I Si iac_us Britisher Secretariat author unsigned article Th__Ee Ne S__t_ates_ Nati_on Natio_n American Sino Japanese controversy I noted I New York thing I I I written articles broke nicely I forward further chats value William Martin L_Ae Journal Gnv I later With Siliacus I discussed thought developed Timesarticle clarified supported detail information obtained On I conversation Dr W W Yen Chinese Delegation finding sound sincere giving assurance develops arguments floor Assembly presented enable China On I contacted Ku__o Tai Chinese minister Court St James No Delegation presenting letter T V He Although Dr Ke_o extremely Busy I called leave later meeting With Valera received train thought which effect A separate describes conversation I intentionally omitted quite confidential With Koo course I intimate contacts straight point times especially Foreign Minister Nanking Tomorrow Dr Eoo handles Council probab speech He himself something regret Of course problem meeting political responsibilities China Why Savior Chinese people C Richemond HStel Genbve I somewhat embarrassed today Dr Koo requested reactions speech before Council The Council Koo arriving twenty minutes Young Marshal would Donald hurried It Chinese custom The press given pages dress later It Koo The chamber packed Matsuoka morning Koo known Matsuoka press bureau Paris Peace Conference Koo might invited ovation Council He spoke I think friendly audience But never occasion The thing throughou edious statistical historical Hideyoshio Honjo Jap anese aggression policy continential expansion A carefully phrased paragraph would sufficient point without pages Dr Koo started speaking informally giving tribute Commission which sincerity Keo He Chinese Assessor He weighed words Thsn launched brief refutation Natsuo assertions defence Japan grips ferocious Chinese dragon So Then began speech That until quarter He aimed constituency whatevor since He wanted doubt defend China Paris vashington He believed perhaps sincerely might major opportunity Certainly entitled reply Matsuoka But I mistake having without having speech before Uouncil session under separate cover suggests Koo cover points I think It organized repetitive statistical style inferior Koo standard There little nothing failed single points drive cogent reasoning challenge League persuasion corridors afterwards called tedious stuff Others espec ially scored historical sections beside point taste There harsh criticism feeling Koo Ny feeling missed opportunity great speech So I received morning could I reply En closed answer During I chatted Ferdinand L Mayer Peking brief NacMurray WashinGton Korea He consul general Brussels Others Return Tass correspondent Whitaker Y Herald Tribune member Spanish delegation Disarmament uonfernce AibiZ talked Eadariaga response whose question I develop conference liidation Nanchurian dispute Nalcolm Davi__s Geneva 3pecial Stud furnished interesting comments procedure prospects Today I dined whitaker lunch Return Del_l ancheste__ Guadia Tonight Garrick I believe American close Sweetzer Small matters agenda today Council convening S0 tomorrow tackle Manchurian dispute again November Hotel chmond Geva Switzerlmd Dear Walter I amosga article sTimes Copieshavebeesenttomembersofe Institute W havetor three extra copies others Rogerssgone hicago brief With cordil gretiugs Sincerely yours H8 Richmond Suisse Mr Walter S Rogers Institute Current World Affairs F Avenue New York City Dar Mr Rogers Now Council completed attention Lytton Report consigned Assembly under Article XV Covenent merely taking Japanese reserva ation which effect dissimilar February attempt recount impressions actual conduct Council sessions might interest In communication November I something background opening metin Monday The uncompromising Japanese position taken Mr Matsuoka fully mticipated The Council mmbers intention delay procedure participatino debate knowin Assembly would welcome procrastination The Chinese Dlegate Dr Koo while rcognizin importance getting Council nevertheless decide whether categorical rplies Mr Matsuoka verbal printed Observat should thoush there dangef openin whole Council His voice would heard China Dr Koo decided reply length Matsuoka opening address lengthy containing little might considered evidence followed matter Commission Matsuoka openly attacked conclusions doubt thoroughness capacity Commission China chaos This Commission failed appreciate The boycott warlike should condemned League Nations outlawed The Report failed fully account seriuus background situation Manchuria declared Japan acted defence September Self defence permitted ezception application Pact Paris Kellogg statement Jsuary quoted evidence Japan resorted negotiation beforehand because Japanese national sentiment would permit outside interference Manchurian question delay would intolerable there difference between Japanese Western mentalit Westerner would begin argue before situation became acute while Japanese persists perhaps solution breaking point unexpectedly events their natural course Japan disagreed contention Manchuria integral China Japan denied Report group Japanese civil military officials active retired close touch political movement conceived organised carried through independ Manchukuo MatsuO admitted without presence Japanese troops Government would difficulty establishing itself Japan violated Covenant League Nine Power Treaty Pact Pabis China political chaos should always uppermost passing Sudgment situation Man chukuo reality Japan intention depart poliby SUpporting Matsuoka speech historical omission satement which might interpreted League Japan would willin budge permit solution through conciliation compromise It simpl Take leave My previous letter evidences exactly I expected When conversing length Senor Madariaga asked opinion relative importance Matsuoka certain Mr Ito previously attached Japanese Deletion After describing Ire seemed change stage stage I Shanghai March until Manchuria Tokyo Geneva again I suggested Japese having League infection system would entir persona grata present powers Tokyo Matsuoka other powers I believed hundred Japanese Delegation whose dispatches Tokyo might alter instructions Matsuoka career character prepared I first directors S M R Dairen It charged negotiation railway contracts Taonan Angangchi Kirin Huining Later I president associated Yamamoto Seiyukai Matsuoka behind proposed Morgan S M R Then Kyoto I better Here championed cause Japan against sophomorish debate Dr Hsu Shuhsi himself elected Diet consequence I recall conversation Seiyukai leaders which I asked Matsuoka rated party He recognized ambitious China experience plausible especially foreigners disarming frankness always spoke realities businessman would monopoly commodity But Seiyukai regarded possible future Foreign Minister never certainly Prime Minister Then I chatted Matsuoka Shanghai February there special envoy Prime Minister explain foreign ministers consuls Japan doing there A memorandum tills conversation record office I political position strong noting cards stacked favor First Matsuoka Choshu military group proteg Prince General Yamagata Second strong position Seiyukai especially because friendship association S M R Yamamoto former secretary party Third Young Military necessarily favorable every Choshu Army politician consid ering Army consezvative their Fascist inclinations actually urging Matsuoka hoist their Banner The months since March strengthened Matsuoka position He tenty speeches Manchuria Japaa necessity supporting Manchukuo He stayed Japanese Assessor Office With Count Uchida Forei Minister appears under dictation military through Shiratori Tani Galmushe_ General Araki Minister War Army perhaps strong enough traditional Army group Young Military together these months Matsuoka stands chance returning Japan quite somebody months hence But these things known mmbers Council They thought those blunt Observations extraordinarily intransigeant There certain decorum English sense proper Council members observed That ingredient Geneva atmosphere seems Matsuoka represented Lytton Comission gullible misguided Chinese propaganda espeially Peiping Chang Hsuh liang Yet Matsuoka often spoken personal Young Marshal misguided And would young fellow should become exile Japan would first defend house Now Commission attntuated Council itself Ironic remarks about cannot Overlooked Council otheris convincin League thinE popular auction bridge contract enthusiass So Benez Mariaa latersaidsomthinsoftlytoshota theywelcomedthe turningoverhe dispube Assembly might contract rules Dr Eo favorable audience replied He began comin twenty minutes keeping Council waiting The press partially speech The chamber jammed Eoo original signers Covenant League He ternational figure Matsuoka Japanese Press Bureau Peace Conference With audience however austere Council Eoo might speech which would history written histories least He occasion There ovation attention quiet presentation until length speech statistics figures history Hideyoshi Honjo pages Japan polic continental expansion absence concentrated attacks three points audience impatient On reading speech I material which carefully phrased better speech seemed I danger opening himself Matsuoka cat8or attack which aside merits points would delayed procedure Koo displayed ability sarcasm Matsuoka Eatsuoka pictured Japan grips ocious China Koo lengthy address defies important points If Japanese interpretation Pact Paris defence accepted question might asked there longer necessity upholding Koo praised Gozisslon drawing embarrassing experiences Commission Manchuria hounded plain cothes under constant surveillance Obstacles under which Commission labored As whether China organized State resented language applied country original ember League described political turmoil vigor vitality reawakened people cited Report China progress The Nine Power Treaty account these circumstances itself denying ordinance He cited instances apanese policy years impeded unity It whether State organ whether given State loyally observed international obligations Whet State matter doubt Then continential policy digression And Tanaka Memorial opening defenses permit Matsuoka strike elling blows Chinese propaganda The boycott measure defence natural product Japanese provocation aggression Even public organizations actively participate movement admitted since provocation great Nor circumstances could Government remain aloof The Chinese Gover1ment cannot sympath izing giving countenance movement But Government cannot responsible wanton premedit aggression cterizes japanese military activities Eanchuria China Proper At least boycott humane resort force Again permitted Matsuoa reply later serious indeed Chinese Delegate should admittedthat Governmen countenanced boycotto Koo denied ignism beyond apanese feeling China The Government c0opraing League using experts adviserso Koo quoted freely Report noted Japan three hundred unsettled cases which exist noted japan before September force solution japan refrained resorting arbitral judicial procedure appropriate cases September attack Nukden unprovoked quoting Report military operaions apanese troops during night cannot regarded measures legitimate defence This I submit important point Dr Koo The Japanese admitted Natsuoka exist occupy anchuria League anything japanese troops spite esolution September0 confirmed December resolution uoting Ppor again It clear Independence Novement which never heard Nanchuria before September possible presece japanese troops Koo without committing anything suggested recomm ndations Report committe China Point points Chapter IA solution conform provisions Covenant Paris Pact Powr Treaty No premium should placed aggression Article A Covenant clearly demns aggression The Report brands resort force legitizate defence aggression Koo covenant violated If happen anchuria happen anywhere peace machinery China takes position apanese troops withdrawn anchuria condition negot iations under conciliation procedure least solution happened Muchura brought point which there danger Ghinas existence challenge League itself Spake wellington Koo But pressmen talked would cable After stuff On wednesday November Council Matsuoka Koo How could anyone moment Once Matsuoka understood never expand expense Then projectiles aimed Koo reference called Tanaka Memorial whrone Matsuoka demonstrated beyond question document unreliable authentic memorial Ahroneo Me denied touchstone japanese policyo Me asked Eoo produce evidence authenticity A aside about American gullibility because widely circulated World Peace Movement A boycott moreover should termed disguise The hinese egate admitted legalization boycott A seems serious Matsuoka A quoted oreign tionso American overnment regarded American boycott periode An italian corridors asked significance I thought I thought anybody familiar boycotts historical episode He concluded cautioning uouncil agalnst precipitate hasty steps regard complicated serious question feeble attempt fight wnMatsueMats proffered weapon Tanaka Memorial saying whatever henticity policy outlined illuminating being today operati0no Them developed history parallel railways propaganda Japan allegation there secret treaty The Lytton Report tlmre As China unifying China latsuoka sought todemonstrate unite family kidnapping member family Beginning second Koo easily better before audience This three round Matsuoka first Koo Then farcical episode Sth Valera presiding asked Lord Lytton Council table Like pillars diplomatic society Lytton McCoy Schnee right Claudel Aldrovandi above Council table concealedattack Matsuoka Then Matsuoka objectede And these objections hours I refrain rcounting particular points It ended Friday November Sth Japanese brought written statement articles contending thattwork Commissionerminated moment Report presented Council apanese objection members Commission supplying explanations Pport either adding subtracting remarks basis information Japan could admit Commission competence comment serwAtions apanese Government Council table apanese Delegate would start quizzing conmissioners month question Commission wRether observations statements heard desire changes their Report But Matsuoka objected Commission remark about apsnese Observation That would Matsuoka difficnlt position Sapanese Governmente Valera quietly stubborn I think might question differently appease Matsuoka But course Matsuoka objecting Cause avoid delay objection after delay instructions Foreign Office sustained Council merely noted matter Assemblye Finally November Friday Lord Lytton called answer question Valera whether Commission itself desires anything Report Earl paragraph Mr President entlemen colleagues asked express their behalf gratitude which generous appreciative manner which Sir representatives Japan China referred If Report should ultimately prove helpful League Nations discussion complicated difficult question should amply repaid trouble which involved beyond Mr president anything Report A relief chamber It thing something It another What could except But audience sIknew thattheEarlmighthaveaddedifs andbuts colleagues Having consulted commissioners should having which became accustomed during investigation confronted three statement One objected There necessity Hours passed The Earl stubbornly defended literary production Then drafted another mitigated But shreds colleagues unanimously signed famous Report Out statement above quoted How lacking content eloquent Of course theabove behind scenes I present mself I still interpret position Co lesion having terminated September Peiping At later perhaps until I New York I propose together ideas question whether Commission commissions matter general practice should participate intimately League procedure after completed signed their Report It respects questione During entire Council meetings there comment members substance recommendations Lytton Report There studied silence Only Valera president formal things Benes Madariaga spoke point competence Commission participate proceedings Maaaga Bene_s Nov pointed practice heads commissions appear before Council Commission political opinions answer questions MadariaEa could refrain getting across Matsuoka agreeing Bones Valera feared Matsuoka prhaps victim inexperience Council discussions The Commission Council It organ oftCouncil become organ Assembly League SiEric_ citedthe precedents Greco Bulgarian dispute Mosul And Sir S outdone noted commissioners pysically placed sitting together What herfort They given these honourable seats order might interested spectators auditors Theyee perform useful purpose But Matsuoka objected On Monday followin matter Assembly without debate Japanese reserv ation Neing noted