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6/30/1968 - United Nations by Frank J. McDonald

NOT FOR PUBLICATION INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS FJM I UNITAR United Nations UN Plaza New York New York June Mr Richard H Nolte Executive Director Institute Current World Affairs Madison Avenue New York New York 10017 Dear Dic The ANGUILLA WHITE PAPER appeared Monday edition The New York Times August Reprinted feature veral newspapers following Anguilla lilliputian35 square West Indian island international story The advertisement asked Is silly Anguilla become nation It asked other words assistance Anguillan effort alone The The Times London capsuled story overseas The White Paper beautifully persuasive content emphasis based sturdy immod erate reliance surprising ncial assistance reach American pockets least portion million rejected company which sought gambling concession The setting story earlier July Anguilla Conducts Independence Vote The New York Times July edition proclaimed A single column island referendum result which overwhelming secede Caribbean state St Kitss Nevis Anguilla climax rebellion begun May Anguillans foraed St Kitts police sergeant twelve policemen island declared independence The New York Times continued coverage local event following weeks Anguilla Rejects Gambling reported effort islanders resist intrusion several gambling interests sought possession island economy On August The New York Times editorialized The Ins Outs Aguilla The leeward sland Anguilla roaring mouse fiction screen A representative United Nations today present independence island Monday reclaimed It conceded people right justice square million There magic independence takes declaration achieve Anguillan ought better federation could possibly alone In feature article Jejune Afrique portrayed plight Peter Adams Anguilla representative seeking President Johnson assisting island effort separate itself St Kitts Mr Adams achieved interview Director Caribbean Affairs Department State La Libre Be gique August carried headline La Secession Anguille menacee infilatrations Castrites proceeded describe month rebellion holding against Premier St Kitts Robert Bradshaw curieux personnage module dictateurs Castro Duvalier II A storm teaspoon The Economist prediction square populace The teaspoon hundred small islands which Caribbean The shape Manhattan miles nearly miles across Anguilla colonized English three hundred years While African slaves island cultivation settlers developed large sugar plantations island cotton alternative Today inhabitants Anguilla West Indians decendents Afro European stock culturally British emerging identity their The Anguilla secession St Kitts Nevis single example determination exert expression blish autonomy their affairs Thus referendum people July Anguilla declared independence Associated State St Kitts Nevis Anguilla It based largely Anguillan distrust Kittian Premier Robert Bradshaw equivalent hostil economic geographic bonds other islands 0riginally Anguilla intention going alone preferring accepted Britain either state direct association humble colonial territory Crown Colony governed Administrator appointed HMG Britain refused claiming Anguilla legal status required remain association State leaving Her Majesty Government helpless The groundwork followed III A passed In words editor island weekly sheet The Beacon It clear Hon Premier British Government there eturn Anguilla state St Kitts Nevis This debatable point During preceding there several conferences devoted Anguillan secession series meetings Barbados Anguilla December between Parliamentary Delegation HMG Anuillan Council The United Nations heard spokesmen Anguilla cause reporters written about research teams Inter American University Puerto Rico groups professors students series research visits island poets described John Updike Anguilla appeared New Republic October month Letter Anguilla appeared The New Yorker Magazine diplomats debated American British officials Erroll Barrow other Caribbean heads government opportunists speculators operators tried seduction former banker indicted embezzling million dollars New Yor arrived establish International BanM Anguilla crackpots suggested sorts notions moustached gentleman establish economic security island weeks became Minister Economic Affairs freeloaders landed there Englishman arrived penniless support lived goodness several island families months before finally deported raisers pleaded cause group San Francisco businessmen The New York Times donated proceeds island amounting about O00 Think TanKs specializ social development volunteered their services Abt Associates Cambridge Mass offered their planning research services O0 international professors deliberated Roger Fisher Roger Baldwin examined legal problems island Members Parliament United Nations examined discussed pondered problems posed little miniscule island sitting kilometers southeast Coney Island And problems remain though perhaps dramatized clearer Focus significance generated interest Anguilla problems which beyond dimensions island itself For Anguilla represents miniscule island Caribbean seeing autonomy considers hostile neighbors represents those problems which states encounter IV The 1960s first 1970s critical years states Anguilla There hundred territories according United Nations Institute Training Research whose criterion qualifies territory million population small dimensions state which expressing desire autonomy aware their distinctiveness exercising control their affairs Self awarenessresults naturally desire government other indicia independence Consequently political economic social development these terri tories critical question these territories larger powers which exercise present control United Nations confront future Conscious United Nations begun examination problems posed emergence territory established through research UNITAR committee designed examine major problems future small states With regard international status small states international organizations United Nations effects fragmentation Dolitical evolution regional gration federation security problems other politic options micro states Are Statehood total sovereignty colonial dependence viable alternatives emerging territory What options association metropolitan power federalization feasible flexible alternatives Would better dimensions state remained fixed state truly represented state fashioned measure Is United Nations willing capable developing necessary organizational machinery order offer these territories consultive services mediation political problems The PROVISIONALGOVERNMENTo ANGUILLA ADMINISTRATOR ANGUILLA The Honorary Anguilla Passport those Th__ge Times responded ANGUILLA Updike The night light Tilly lamps hissed bright always looked frightened morning dragged through beryl seawater sauntering legged without looking The night Rebecca lived beneath sailor lover returned hours sleep rooster inside The polis night The animalcula phosp horescent wavelets constellations evaded naming policeman bicycle hurled shadows along The sadpotatoes amutteringman ashen earth difficulty agriculture The absence Cura The woman across pregnant annual visit cursed insanely tossing rocks weeping children The radio windowill played hymns Antigua And black children trotted white learn cricket Victorian history women balancing water drawn faucet porch their heads insolent angle The blind The drunk The albino Negro monstrosity never ioned blistered The beaches empty Dear island beauty meekly waiting rebel reprinted permission author Public administration economic problems another section report In dealing economic administrative consequences smllness considerations resources patterns growth specializtions foreign investment relative advantages disadvantages smallness factors Does impose restraints certain kinds growth encourage others Is resources talent internal markets infrastructure state remain dependent metropolitan power How foreign investmemt foreign capital lated tourism harnessed problems gambling philatelic speculation controlled Does small local mrket economics scale suggest problems monopolies oligopolies What politicl consequenc concentration economic power Political problems often consequence social racial administrative state In state these problems often exacerbated underdevelopment reinforced centuries colonial UNITAR concerned these issues Can state effectively govern itself leders evaluate policies issues rather personalities involved utilize maximum skill limited talent available insure minority rights successfully cooperate other small states effecting judicial administrative difficulties Consequently social cohesion state isolation outside communication limited population diminish formation econstructive opposition ideas personalities If personal relationships dominate political state political structures opposition effective Will elite command importance dominate administrative structure state Obviously state concerned about problems security United Nations In report UNITAR concern itself these smaller units aware their vulnerability unable provide themselves their military capability naturally associate themselves larger countries regional groupings power blocs The results association related political economic difficulties If example military installations developed economic state inclusive If dismantled effect changes economic viability state Is necessary after external regional power blocs defense possible renounce alliances contribution concept world order based force military power Can state United Nations ensure collec security defense The object study concern those taken interest future small territories provide these states technical political assistance informed choices regarding their future status The effort should culminate breakdown territories involved comprehensive outline possible alternatives These alternatives range colonial status membership delegate status United Nations In between there number alternatives variations This report before Secretary General Sn early consideration Gnral Assembly In speaking members various delegations about problems states becomes clear exceptions present members United Nations unaware uninformed future small states Those naturally delegations Kuwait Guyana Barbados Maldive Islands taken vital interest uncertain resolve problem They however their larger counterparts worried about possible consequences fragmentation though quietly often sympathizing difficulties Anguilla insist change status effected legal constitutional means It hoped before means available through framework United Nations It optimistic shall Yours Frank McDonald Received New York July