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7/27/1973 - The Kenya National Extension Centre by Irving J Spitzberg

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT WRITER S CONSENT INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS IJS THE KENYA NATIONAL Institute Current EXTENSION CENTRE World Affairs Fifth Avenue New York NY 10017 USA July Mr Richard Nolte Executive Director Institute Current World Affairs Fifth Avenue New York NY IOO17 USA Dear Mr Nolte Attached proposal which I prepared Kenya Board Adult Education national advisory responsibility adult education extension services Kenya The National Extension Center supposed provide institutional framework development adult education during decade When Secretary Board Adult Education asked prepare proposal I indicated hesitation because I believe significant proposals future country ought developed citizens themselves However since Secretary insistent I accepted invitation And views appropriateness expatriates doing changed clear interviews vested interests groups concerned adult education would actual writing proposal Kenyan difficult affair exercise which I completed Indeed I think would helpful develop innovations public service United States Africans Latin Americans Asians invited States serve function similar I served There still drawbacks expatriate advisor which I exemplify first expatriates country relatively brief period which means judgments sometimes superficial impressions which means assist scale imple mentation their ideas second proposal expatriate often appears tablet Mt Sinai result omniscient musings consultation finally importantly expatriate responsibility effects moral crunch But prepare proposal I And perhaps analysis problems general outlines institutional solution value Kenya other countries developing developed Your comments those readers other countries figurative shoulder general applicability National Extension Center helpful Kenyan Government In conclusion I should indicate proposal submitted Board Adult Education represent official policy Govern Kenya Since A PROPOSAL FOR A NATIONAL EXTENSION CENTRE PREPARED BY IRVING J SPITZRG JR OF THE INSTITUI OFCUWORL D AFFAIRS NEW YORK NAIROBI JULY INTRODLLION One difficult problems facing Kenya matter other developing countries provide skilled manpower necessary developt society economy offer educational opportunities Kenya adult education programs extension services crucial achieving objective improving skill society increasing justice distribution learning At present these adult education extension activities widespread irregularly distributed questionable quality Also uncoordinated national local It context Board Adult Education proposed develop National Extension Centre educational needs present future Kenya Before sketch outlines proposed National Extension Centre aware existing services unmet needs The first survey briefly present services Then diagnose unmet needs terms general problems creating skill improving equity allocation educational opportunities Next consider possible functions National Extension Centre constellation govet private agencies involved extension services Centre potential developing approaches various nLdia service education emphasized Finally shall indicate organizational traints which present arrangt adult education extension services Kenya creates Posit solutions these problems First consider present foreseeable future which proposed National Extension Centre IQ ADULT EDUCATION AND F fgENSION SERVICES IN KENYA PROAND PROSPECTS I At outset brief eyemust clear minds adult education broad meaning acivities designed transmit knowledge skills creat opportunities fulfillment those formal educational institutions country never attended It because broad definition adult education mention extension services always implied The breadth definition justified three grounds first problems encountered activities swept classification definition share conmDn features second whole operation public services improved educa tional implications ccnsciously considered finally activities which usually considered adult education which usually called extension programs opportunity which majority Kenya educational experiences Taking broad adult education ministries government private charitable agencies businesses involved degree adult education though rarely conscious their involt Of special interest extension services various govet ministries At agencies involved extension services Ministries Agriculture Health Education To ministry Education agency extension services usual essence extension services provided local levels country There doubt delivery educational services teachers children theirpts through schools throughout country extension service dramatic But limited character services distributed through these schools their limited targets extension service aspect schools especially regard involving serving whole families grossly underutilized resource Agriculture extensive conscious extension services presently available Kenya Through sophisticated organization specialist officers trained perscnnel location level numbering approxi mately manyof almost O00 000fsinKenyareceive least educational opportunities faaming during every The relevant characteristic educational opportunity limited ccntent And given extension program reaches relatively small numbers farmers example Farmers Training Centres which established districts reach farmers every indicating denigration achievement agricultural education instead highlighting small number compared total farming popula This means average farnr chance decade participate course Farmer Training Centre Although Agricultural Infozmation Centre taken exploring diffe media process agricultural extension individual programs usually reach thousand farmers There presently exist Ministry Agriculture capability truly cultural educational prograns The Ministry Health approximately extension workers field including conmunitY nurses public health inspectors other trained professionals Most these workers involved ccnsuming clinical operational activities however participate health education programs In Nairobi through offices Health Education Centre Medical Training Centre limited scale multi media ealth education campaigns undertaken again thenrs Kenyans affected relatively small measured population whole And these efforts uncoordinated opera tions whole health service Another Ministry extensive field activities Ministry Co Operatives Social Services which offer programs literacy foclasses division adult education which involves mistic estimate students population illiterate adults conservatively estimated taught literacy teachers training activities department cooperatives which directed atthe leadershipofthe cooperativemotnrethan atthe 000members cooperatives around country because small number education officers locally nationally youth division which concentrates Village Polytechnics conmunity developmen program which field officers working every district In these activities there exist capability social problems large numbers Kenyans And limited resources available Many other ministries extension programs limited scale particularly Commerce Industry Labour Natural Resources these others plans enlarge their extension services develop educational programs their particular subject areas offered local level These ministries those discussed detail educational programs which designed reach Kenyan peoples although launch programs future In addition thefogovernment involvement adult education tension services ntmber independent organizations contribute total educational resources people Kenya There University especially Institute Adult Studies various churches church groups National Council Churches Kenya service organisa tions especially Mandeleo Wanawake Family Planning Association business organizations All these groups together reach substantial numbers Kenyans although totalnris unkncn geared launch educational campaigns about pressing social problems reach population No capable coicating substantial percentage citizensof Kenya about problem water conservation preventative health measures trading skills family planning When looks Kenyan Government whole potential extensicn about professionals various ministries which provide potential reaching large numbers Kenyans But poten educational programs dealing impor problems facing Kenya conpletely untapped The fragremtation various ministries insures cooperation remains nothing dream harassed extension worker local level Making extension resource rtant administrative problem facing Kenya Government This capability reach large numbers Kenyans particular adult educational extension programs greatest unmet facing develpt public private services Kenya But stand alcne All these organisations suffer other incapa cities which adversely affect operation their services which deserve nntion IO All government ministries private agencies substantial programs service training their officers Also there national schemes offered Kenya Institute Administration But these service schems always cerated small numbers officials traditional classrocm context either residential return None agencies involved extension services coordinated program using various media provide continuing inservice training people field Only Agriculture beginnings ccntinuing system handbook training programs Junior AgricUltural Assistants attempt limited scope scale The Ministry Health seems weakest unable launch inservice training schea field workers their initial train complete Most field officers ministries great difficulty keeping latest information their expertise The demand sophisticated system inservice training extension perscnnel largely unmet Although ministries substantial extension activities attenpt monitor success their various programs capability regularly evaluating effectiveness programs And without capability there necessarily great wasted effort money going programs which might achieving their educational objectives Not problem evaluation existing programs there systematic expertation different approaches organization extension services A number ministries expertal programs institutionalized ministerial agencies conducting variety experts improving delivery extension services evaluating This capability means possibilities dramatic improvements these services inctal changes which cannot increasing needs Kenyan people The effect systematic expertation various ministries conplicated absence exchange information amDng various agencies engaged extension services about their approaches problems extension services adult education This isolation agency another means insight never inforn activities others Also there limited dissemination field workers Kenya findings extension agencies adult educationists other countries The cication arong agencies engaged extension nation local level manifests itself universal complaint workers field regardless their particular professional identification there coordination various professionals engaged extension services adult education This means local level there duplication services inportantly different services which vided designed eonplt other This coordination demand effective existing services minirman inconv enience people using That coordination possible seems lesson emerging special rural develot projects But needed appropriate occasions cooperation Even pportunities eooperation arise there problem adequate educational resources field Not there shortage printed materials films cameras projectors cassettes those which available workers field often equipment disrepair No national local resource centre seems available coordination these facilities Farmers Training Centres serve function limited Ministry Agriculture extension services units exist Fazmers Training Centres general A final problem which present organization extension services along current practice ormal education system creates disccntinuity between formal education called formal extension adult educational services This disccntinuity means there little relationship between strategies extension agencies education which increasing numbers Kenya children receive This coordination between substance formal education curriculum primazy seccndary schools matter university heard about lifelong learning empty phrase In regard these problems should crystal clear Kenya unique their manifestation All developing eccncally develc countries suffer these difficulties greater lesser degree But context Kenya present situation future prospects problems adult education extension services especially important For seeable future there rapidly reasing Kenyanpopulation presently ccntinuing problem providing productive rewarding earning opportunities majority population If extension adult education services ccntinue cater relatively small numbers Kenyan citizens without having personnel about latest information their field enlarging popula limited eccnomic opportunities exacerbate social political problems To ascribe extension services blame Kenya current prospective social problems indeed their record quite creditable suggest changes approach could making greater contribution meeting problems people Kenya It these problems scale which present themselves scale problems facing substantial percentage population following design National Extension Centre offered II THE NATIONAL EXTENSION CENTRE ITS FLCTIONS II I The National Extension Centre could contribute solution problems facing extension services Kenya follcwing provision educational opportunities extension services scale using multi media techniques cications modern approaches individual learning presentaticn ccntinuous service training programs again using various coordinated manner evaluation existing traditional media educational activities through developt evaluation available those involved extension services initiation experts organization delivery educational extension services evaluation these experts creation information exchange those involved adult educationinfabout others Kenya around world doing field provision library ofaresources printed materials films slides support services forequit field undertaking ccntracting original research fields adult learning social organization To understand National Extension Centre could provide these services ccnsider function separately A ADULT EDLATION AND EXTENSION SERVICES FOR A MASS AUDIICE THE MULTI MEDIA UNIT II The inportant function Naticnal Extension Centre would create Kenya capability carry adult education extension services whole population country through coordinated various media printed materials radio limited cases T V broadcasts local discussion sessions organized whole network extension services Kenya The capability these media coordinated manner presently exist Kenya II There examples media educational extension operations presently working number countries For exale there Open University Great Britain which providing university level OOO students spread throughout United Kingdom using conbination printed materials radio T V locally organized tutorial sessions And example Africa Tanzania presently engaged health education project which involves distributing O00 booklets training discussicn leaders local groups production series radio bredcasts creation suppltary material different khangas designs keyed messages project All these activities coordinated expected reach total audience II Although exanples adult education programs exist Kenya would become first country central resource engaged develt multi education programs which could drawn services engaged educational extension activities The National Extension Centre Multi Media Unit would provide unique institutionalization capability media coordinated manner range educational purposes II The Mlti Media Unit would operate through group project teams producing educational programs These teams would include permanent perscnnel attached National Extension Centre expertise writing editing printed materials audience production broadcastc nents campaigns training organization local group leaders grass roots educational operations preparation visual materials evaluation adult educational programs To experts provided Centre would representatives substantive minist other organi zations involved For exanpl educational campaign concerning developt water resources problem parts Kenya might including representatives Voice Kenya Ministries Agriculture Natural Resources Social Services Education Or project attenpting train African traders basics trade management Ministries Conarce Industry Local Government Cooperatives Social Services Works might cooperate professionals Centre And extending national literacy Swahili Ministry Information could Centre The Ministry representatives might personnel seconded Centre duration planning impltation project Experiences other countries indicate projects would require about eighteen months initial conception organization ccmpletion And require services about dozen people services another dozen II Although multi media educational projects ccnmit extensive resources reach audiences million quite effective And since evaluation would built every project Multi Media Unit would which techniques working would insure effectiveness multi programs II Two characteristics these National Extension Centre programs emphasized multi programs This proposal suggestion usual media newspapers broadcasting It always necessary addition strong grass roots organization encourage active participation local level Therefore important media local discussion group nlium which require cooperation existing extension agencies order large constituency The audience second rtant characteris these campaigns Kenya already limited experience amulti campaign small scale Tetu Water project occasional agricultural health programs But organizational production demands multi media programs create prcblen entirely scale whirl Kenya presently equipped The scale matched extent opportunity develc modes delivering extension services opportunities cation among services This cooperation required multi projects ini0ortant contributions which developt Kenyan Government These programs offer occasions cooperation national local level opportunities which spontaneously arise And encouragt continuing cooperation important tasks project teams II The occasions offered multi projects offer means providing educational experience audiences those participate design production impltation projects An iaportant function National Extension Centre training education extension professionals ofcoordinated multi media approaches learning problems It should pointed training traditional courses Most education professionals learning doing The expertise making coordinated various media learned formal instruction mastered actually experting ooordinated media So these professionals participating National Extension Centre participating major training course producing important service Kenya It encumbent Centre supplement experiences critical consideration actual tivities through house seminars oourses workshops these opportunities should those outside Centre The combination actual service training means invest Centre ought especially effective II The inportant point about multi media National Extension Centre could create multi capabilities ministries which could major impact deveot Kenya In process creating these multi media programs Centre training multi professionals return their ministries ideas delivery educaticnal extension services B EDLATING PROFESSIONALS THE IN SERVICE TRA ING UNIT II Another application multi educaticnal techniques ccntribute toasolutiontotheprblenofin servicetrainingintheKenyaGovet At present major service training ocasicnal short taught usual classrocm situation There little training offered officials while serving field The exception observation Ministry Agriculture provides about manuals field workers which regularly updated No other broadcasts cassettes provide service training opportunities field other ministries creative printed materials So National Extension Centre through In Service Training Unit could assist various ministries improving their service training programs drawing multi expertise Centre Many techniques educational carpaigns would adapted provision regular continuing learning opportunities through Government Service The easis Unit Multi Media Unit would coordinated variousiato achieve particular educational objectives II An additicnal problem which In Service Training Unit could address improving ccuntez system which major service training system utilizing expatriate professionals apprenticeship masters The Unit could provide support services expatriates their Kenyan counter parts improve educational effectiveness system This section could provide short courses tutorials groups II Another activity In Service Training Unit could cooperating particular ministries develping service training inportant areas private sector exanple cooperation Minis Co operatives Social Services Ministry Conmerce Industry Centre could develop service training small scale industrialists entrepreneurs C EVALUATING ADULTEIONPROGRAMS II One serious inadequacies agencies presently providing adult education extens services total evaluation exist programs situation acknowledged thcse invold various ministries Here National Extension Centre could provide major service Evaluation personnel procedures built internal activi Centre So expertise evaluation there organize evaluation services programs Centre evaluation established Given evaluation services throughout Government evaluation could established scale which would offer expertise units government involved extension services adult education It could provide survey capabilities extension services inter ested assessing their services country large Through Evaluation Unit Centre could contribute increased effectiveness efficiency existing extension services guarantee success programs D EXPERIMENTING WITH H3UCATICNAL ALTEIVES EXPERIMAL PROHITS AND DISSEMINATION UNIT II Throughout various ministries there always number expertal programs progress example present there functional literacy experLTet Ministry Cooperatives Social Services Special Rural Develt Districts expert Ministry Agriculture But institutionalizedaexists systematic conduct experts techniques organization extension services The expertal Projects Dissemination Unit cooperation ministries engaged extension services could stage large scale experts ccncerning substantive techni organizational environments delivery adult education Because Evaluation Unit already built Centre expertal projects would evaluate critically success failure experiments Of special iaportance extensicn agenc would experts different organizations services because dissatisfaction expressed workers field about coordination local extension activities This Unit could undertake projects organizational alternatives testing different patterns coordination locational level But parti cular organization proved successful project supporting would appropriate ministry other agency II The includes Dissemination because greatest shortcomings experimental otype programs process imple menting insights expert after proved usually neglected In Unit hopefully pitfall would avoided would brief beginning development strategies large scale impltation dissemination innovations experi mental projects E KEEPING THE EXTEN SION SERVICES INFORMED INFORMATICN EXCHANGE UNIT II One continuing ccmplaints levels extension information ministry activities another The Informa Exchange Unit would comaunication documentation agency within Govet providing information retrieval dissemination services ministries their information units This Unit would collect informa agencies involved education extension services within Kenya internationally would cicate digests information through multi nedia report thcse involved extension services adult education It would offer information retrieval service could provide users withiate continual access information The media conlaunica would include regularly updated handbook extension activities letter regular radio television broadcasts cassettes films formal The Information Exchange Unit would personnel National Extension Centre support activities F PROVIDING RESOURCES TO THE FIELD RESOURCE LIBRARY UNIT II At present although there great kncledge field about various media extension there great interest experting different approaches cication education But resources terms materials various media severely limited Field workers sufficient access films slides cassettes printed materials enough cameras projectors cassette players duplicators II The National Extension Centre contribute greater access various materials differentaby establishing library resources easily available andan index materials various ministries other agencies The Centre would establish library record cassette collection slide excha system Also centre could create central stock production facilities recorders cameras duplicators which could borrowed various field offices Another important service which Resource Library Unit could provide centre facilities equit cwned field offices repair Finally Unit couldcatewith Institute MassCica tions ministry units Agriculture Infozmaticn Centre holding formal short courses media facilities field G INGABOUT LEARNING ADULT IZARNINGRESHLIT II One greatest difficulties developing approaches adllt education extensicn programs sophisticated kncledge about adult learning There advance field adult learning equiva strides understanding child development learning decade The knowledge about adult learning cultural context African societ limited So other units National Extensicn Centre those ministries agencies involved extensicn great research information apart generated projects particular units The function Adult Learning Research Unit would undertake research which respond kncledge requits Other units Centre It could discharge mission through research small staff contracting University other bodies particular research projects H THE NATIONAL EXTENSICN CENTRE AN OVERVIEW II Each proposed National Extension Centre would important ccntribution public Kenya The ccbinaticn units single national agency could create critical necessary launching significant dramatic programs scale which might equal great problems facing developing nations general Kenya particular See Appendix I Schematic outline Together ccmplts other enhances capability Centre fulfill needs individual parts exarple Evaluation Unit ccntribute success Multi Media Unit Expertal Projects Dissemination Unit activi Multi Media Unit generate techiques which relevant operaticn In Service Training Unit All these Units other sectors govet society better serve interests people Kenya increasing professionalism adult educationists country II The National Extension Centre offers great promise dealing pressing problems facing Kenya However clear Centre offer these problems A special caution order often course proposal phrase coordinated multi media approach education variaticn theme invoked This invocaticn should viewed technocratic solution social problems Multi media educaticnal technologies talisman magic pcers They successful people And people effective medium improving adult education professionals existing extension services important Other media II Having identified services which Centre could provide there still remain questicns about Centre could established should relate other agencies serving Kenyan society III THE ESTABLIS OF A NATIONAL EXTENSION CENTRE III There detailed questions involved establishing Naticnal Extension Centre But brief paper deserve least identification ccmplete analysis problem staffing sources advice constraints budget development sequences relationships other agencies Kenyan Govemmrent involved supporting extension activities National Extensicn Centre framework National Board Adult Educaticn This consideration prcble establist necessarily cursory inoomplete issues raised understood outset evaluating promise National Extension Centre A THEPROOF STAFFING III There major issues staffing National Extensicn Centre first balance between permanent staff staff seccred other agencies minis tries seccnd expatriate staff III The choice between permanent staff seccnded staff raises substantive questions about mission Centre If objectives Centre include training persons throughout Kenyan Government skills Centre coordination through raticngthe various extension agencies would strcng secont conpcnent staff But relies seccnt other agencies stability ccntinuity activities Centre always doubt Given these competing ccnsidera tions prcbably interest Centre within Of permanent skilled staff supplted larger group seconded staff participate specific projects which ccnsistent objectives their agencies And instability seccnded personnel could moderated budget Centre which allcws oentre finanoe replace seconded staff their assists alternatively staff short basis III The expatriate staff initial phases operation National Extension Centre unavoidable least roles But because skills needed operation Centre learned through process participating activities Centre since skille people developed countries negligible there reason positions Naticnal Extension Centre could filled bytentbut inexperienced Kenyan citizens Certainly seconded staff would Kenyan B SOURCES OF ADVICE III Although staff ought Kenyan citizens National Exten Centre early phases developt great advice about operation multi adult education programs There number sources advice around world Next Tanzania there people experience largest experts multi adult education world In U K BBC through schools further education productions cooperaticn Open University experience problems coordinating various media service educational objectives And Open University itself developed great expert multi media adult education In United States Children Television Workshop producers widely aoclaLTed Sesame Street experience creative television educa tional proess other world productions lessons teach about other media The Germans launched successful Telekolleg which multi media approach delivery secondary educational opportunities constituencies The Scandinavians experience organization local participa adult education extension activities American extension system All these groups experienced people undoubtedly available personnel could advise National Extension Centre about various operations III Within Kenya there growing reservoir experience various service education which National Extension Centre could Voioe Kenya Kenya Institute Mass Commi cation Correspondence Course Unit University Institute Adult Studies Agricultural Information Centre Schools Broadcasting Unit Health Education Medical Training Units In regard problems adult learning facilities Institute Adult Studies assist dealing problems organizing extension there Institute Develt Studies The other departments University Nairbi contribute All these institutions contribution Centre although experience multi media education scale proposed Centre activities C THE CONSTRAINgS OFBAND DEVELOPMENT SEQUENCES III A detailed development strategy National Extension Centre await thorough debate about whole But those participating debate information about costs development Attached Appendix II reader suggestive eight budget divided recurrent capital expenditure sections In developing budget following judgments centre should beginning staff serve proposed functions various operations could ccplt another initial emphasis activities should launch evaluation multi media adult education projects audiences balance between permanent seconded staff would about equal earlier years seconded staff later years production facilities necessary early years these facilities would rented existing organizations Kenya attacheddevelt production facilities would built National Extension Centre ccnstruction physical facilities undertaken until experience multi media approaches adult learning extension services indicates clearly exactly sorts facilities useful location concentration III All these judts justified enphasis getting services operational quick possible without conmdtting large investment plant until nature scale operation The judts behind budget reflect eommit maintaining maximum flexibility Centre changing conditions Kenya future III One could guess first budget operaticn skeleton National Extension Centre could neighbourhood K If centre launched carpaign reaching participants would K student The eight recurrent capital budget would approximately total K O66 All costs prices And these estimates accepted caution because which based quite indeed D RELATIONSHIPS WITH EXISTING SEICES III IO An inportant ccnsideration establit National Extension Centre duplicate existing services Kenya Indeed build existing strengths To National Extension Centre would develop formal channels cooperation ministries ofGovet involved extension services other agencies Particularly close working arrange tsshould developed between National Extension Centre Institute Adult Studies Correspondence Course Unit University Also order overcce disccntinuities which presently afflict formal andnon educational services close wrking relationship established Kenya Institute Education other sections Ministry Education The Kenya Institute Administration Kenya Institute Mass Communications intimately invol Centre should Agricultural Information Centre Health Education Unit Also National Extension Centre would develop close local extension centres Farmer Training Centres District Development Centres These suggestions illustra exhaust possibilities cooperation The inportant point National Extension Centre would operate within services which offer through which weave productive future III The relationship between National Extension Centre these agencies manifest itself number forms joint appoints joint programs tracts these agencies secont personnel centre centre these agencies Through cooperation Kenyan Government create capability adult education extension services which exceeds prcmise cnent overall system E THE BDLE OF THE BOARD OF ADULT EDUCATION III The relationship between proposed National Extension Centre Board Adult Education raises inportant questions about operation Centre present future Board Adult Education matrix adult education extension services Kenya III To appreciate present legal position Board fully Section Act ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BOARD AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BOARD There hereby established Board Adult Education functions which shall To advis Minister matter relating adult education including formulation eourses syllabuses establist residential residential institutions museums libraries nedia Lnications provision method award scholarships bursaries To advise respect coordinatio ccnnection adult education ministries departments government agencies To identify assess developts adult education To stimulate encourage activities adult education To annually minister progress develt adult education underlining enphasis present writer The reader first functions purely advisory Although National Extension Centre would serve advisory functions actual production activities Centre could never construed advisory character Subsection which dictates identifying assesSing needs could construed support National Extension Centre activities evaluation Subsection which Board state enoourge activities could invoked justify National Extension Centre media production activities expertal functions Finally subsection Board report annually could justify information exchange component centre Taken together strain process interpretation Section could construed support establit National Extension Centre Board Adult Education However nowhere Act Board clearly given executive functions In efficient operation centre would require arendment Act Centre Board limited executive pcwer cooperation other ministries organi zations III It should briefly noted Act support another recently proposed activity Board Adult Education registration programs adult education The proposed Registrar Adult Education sanctioned ACt Board given authority implt rules Minister Section II Minister given authority order registration This means Board cannot active protecting people Kenya exploitation private adult education institutions Here another shortcoming ACt III Given difficulties meeting needs adult education extension services under terms present ACt seems appropriate suggest revision rewriting Act Such revision would indicate furthercommitonthepart oftheKenyanGovtto adult education extension services See Appendix IV III The revisions should clearly Board Adult Education authority selective active develt operation adult education programs extension services The Board should become corporate rules receive funds itself The Act should clearly charter National Extension Centre independent institution answerable Board Adult Education III These suggest revision Act reccmrendations In inmdiate future seems clear present ACt inter preted manner which allow Centre established become opera tional which important priority But given ambiguities Act would useful Minister issue formal charter Centre which clearly mandates functions outlined proposal which eaphatically indicates Government acknowledgt various roles proposed Centre See Appendix V When Act itself arended clarify identity Board consistent proposed changes ACt might helpful change Board Education general meaning anDng alternative names might Board Adult Education Training services IIBoard Non FoEducation Board Extension Education The exact nclature admits other varia tions The inportant point allow Board through Board National Extension Centre maximum flexibility possible meeting educa tional extension needs those involved traditional institutions education And these needs majority Kenyans III Such revision Board Adult Education Act create certain political difficulties future adult education extension services Kenya requires political conmit which revision Act charter National Extension Centre clearly provide CONCLUSION C In decade Kenya significant strides increasing stock skilled manpower opportunities foral education But because limited resources available inappropriate colonial educational heritage foinstitutions primary level still producing education white collar elite In second decade Kenya attention providing educational opportunities those The demands develt economy always emphasis increasing social justice allocation educa tional resources strategy which itself might enhance economic developt country C One method evaluating justice present educational extension system start again create system scratch putting world unemplo3arent slowly expanding economy which would system whetherhewouldbeone ofthe luckyf6whoparticipate infoeducaticnor fortunate majority population would create educational system Kenya today In confronting question would system which focuses needs majority citizemxy which serves interests greatest needs those greatest ability By measure Board Adult Education through proposed National Extension Centre great contribute C By establishing institution designed needs those relatively neglected value social economic justice Kenyan society greatly enhanced And through close coq0eration between National Extension Centre thefeducational system activities could contribute reorientation existing system toward needs local ccaluunities throughout Kenya C It crucial understand ccamdt education through means require restructuring priorities In Kenya emp_asized school education euphasis which reaped rewards which still leaves aoconplished In interest justice increased skill priorities reordered insure significant commit resources adult extension activities Presently K 26isspentpercapitaonadulteducation aredwithK capita schools balance changed The reordering priQrities expenditure sophiscated manner which threaten qualityofthe existingfobase continuingadvant itmust reordering rates develt But reordering place C Since value decision political preceded consultation If proposal National Extension Centre pries consultation inportant first taken It spirit proposal National Extension Centre submitted Received New York July E I H Extension workers Ministri remain Slandard Sta Reporter Kenya potential fessional extension staff about various Government Ministries Who could educati grammes solve country problems completely untapped because organisa ProL Irving Spiltzberg Fellow Amvvican Ins titut Current World Affairs makes observa report Kenya Board Adult Education vhich cat6s creation national extension centre possi these alfied people usefully employed The professor oonai derMe experience methods teaching adults handed report executive director board Mr S Kihumba office Nairotai ysterday He commissioned board compile report Kenya multi media teaching methods further development Prof Spitzrg various Ministries voluntary organisa tions carrying adult education activities organisation ordination there potential extensitm workers Mlinistries being fully cover stion population Making extension resource untapped activities activities ordinated irregularly distributed sometimes adult education extension activities C ixfimions conducive adult education vorld children benedt programmes Ministry Edutiofi rmers receive limited extension services Item Mintry Agicttiture extension workers An average farmer chance attendi couxsz district farmers train decade farmers attend courses The Mistry Health limited extent extension servis The Ministry C0 operatives Social Services caers studen formal education classe country illiterate population 500000 trains operative movements organises limited mtmber youth activities village technis Other Ministries voStmtm organisations Famil Planning Association Maendeleo Ya Wan awake Nmional Council Christian Chuxches others organisz adult important administrative problem facing Kenya Government Some statistics newspaper article about If extension adult education services continue report incorrect cater relatively smatl numer reaching million ciiizens without students would about KS having personnel about latest information K4 KS80 Costs field Mrging student costs capita lation limited onotnic opportuni exacerbate would reduce KS social political problems In interests justice increased economic Keny ordered prior ities ensare significam mitmvn resources adult extension activities Presently adttt ucmion capita sohls Tiffs lance changed questionable quality None prorammes large future C W limited avlable widing andes ovide lacing HyhvM H Thetrosld evalte width svlting Itold1craig eivofeid vduion I should exchani field Kyado Aliah erial slides requipm The fimath budfhe thomtaunc camign Onh Ctsr capita ashpninth where gained grext numbs eptsahe Actch Kenya Board utivn Minit adIic Bet tively A amendmt togithem imtedexVive ndedent intitmn answerable teard Therd should Ixndifu Prof Irving Sptizberg explaining important features about report Multi approach adult education presented report Vlr S Kihumba executive secretary Kenya Board Adult Education DALLY NATION Wednesday August I EAST AFRICAN STANDARD August NOV L M ETH O D FOR BEATING THE BOTTLE OldIE combat drunken rural areas organis mobile theatres dramatise educational grammes revolu tionise whole process adult learning This presented terday report ecutive secretary Board Adult Education Mr S Ki humba commented multi media approach ploit available channels education needed reach majority illiterate people The report multi media teachin systems adults Kenya compiled Pro Irving Spitzberg fellow American Institute Current World Affairs Professor Spitzberg workingon report month after request Board Adult Education Kenya growing demands refined teaching methods adults Presentin report Pro lessor Spitzberg described multi media education programme theleast expen since would reach greatest number people throughout country Mr Kihumba thanked report which consideration board Government All world Decially developi tries Mr Kihumba ernments increasingly turned their attention multi media approach reaching rural munities Where thrust development effort dir_eted The effect purl0se educational experierce adult modify people attitudes which geared towards national development tional unity