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6/30/1971 - The Program in Public Policy Studies: The Foundation Year (Part II) by Irving J Spitzberg

NOT FOR PUBLICATION INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS IJS THE PROGRAM IN PUBLIC POLICY STUDIES THE FOUNDATION YEAR PART II Program Public Policy Studies Claremont Colleges Bonlta Claremont California 91711 June Richard H Nolte Executive Director Institute Current World Affairs Fifth Avenue New York New York 10017 De Mro Nolte Attached report Program Public Policy Studies Claremont Colleges parts which I founded This report ought passing interest those little Claremonto Although Program unigue problems And future there experiments quite Program abroad The second section report contained newsletter provides analysis problems Program observations character Claremont Colleges The previous newsletter contained report reported history Program gives account research teams The report taken whole commentary relationship between university community society which finds itself Perhaps these newsletters offer insight perspective through which I shall other experiments education Yours sincerely III YEAR ONE TLE LESSONS FOR TKE FUTURE In interim report Academic Deans Committee Clremont Colleges I suggested first learned failures successes Looking whole academic I believe I learned successes failures I believe first anuual recort appropriate assess strengths weaknesses Program Let qualify following remarks stating opinion A scientific statistically signific evaluation educational impact program presently being prepared under grant Intercollegiate Research Connittee Cla emont Colleges We attempted still quantitative evaluation process beginning Program however students faculty prticipating Program spite their interest getting other people conmit themselves surveys singularly mwiiling objects experimental observation evaluation themselves Never returned questionnaires other enquiries those attempting evaluate program So follows strictly Chairmsm about first A Policy Studies A major problem faced Program coming terms character policy studies It clear exactly policy studies ought Indeed policy studies seems according doing Here pursuing particula policy problems pants methodology Using comgn sense abilities criticl analysis amalgamation different disciplines particular policy problem attempted understand parameters pragmatic manner During tb_is first relaiv unsuccessful developing coherent methodology coordinating expertise various persons different disciplines However conscously teied under stand relevance discipline particular policy problem subjected operation continuing methodological critique through methodology seminars The major problem policy studies coordination recognizing contribution particular discipline coordinating contribution contributions other disciplines Developing articulating methodology policy studies major agenda outstanding probl future years The methodology seminars continued enlarged years problem Another lesson which learn experience research teams policy studies cannot satisfactorily completed within An adequate research requires about writing editing requires another The academic require there consecutive teams study discrete parts larger problem However necessary develop techniques continuity income housing group This continuity probably achieved there sufficient resources Program guarantee faculty participation basis graduate student enrollment peiod Policy studies itself appears continuum considerations rnging scientific empirical quest broad difficult value questions In Program particular sorto A icvna lysnghtf ptticiptng first those strengths focused sciences especially analysis political issues In fture addition faculty students backgomds sciences philosophy points continuum satisfactorily covered And quality research reports will_ significantly improve The major lesson about policy studies which learned first experience there master techniques policy analysis doing We But there learned There separate educational experiences which deserve first educational experience students second equally important educational experience participating faculty The success I believe successfu beyond initial expectations mutually reinforcing A great majority students unusually articulate their approvl educational experience Program When talks students about Program often refer positive aspects their experience first which research enterprise demanded strong individual cooperation project which student rounded complex second relationship between fculty member student research The demands individual student participate activities through research through argument contributions overall recommendations report student sense responsibility intellectual enterprise stake successful conclusion A commitment espirit corps complemented these intellectual demands challenge student abilities The relationship between student faculty member unique another The source authority within expertise Such authorit exercised there reason reason special knowledge Most teams partnership student fculty pursing together intellectual problem mutual interest The activities research teams provided environment learning unequalled Claremont Colleges The quality educational experience within teams measured traditional yardsticks accomplishment wanting For example writing required member research required usual seminars And riting Also demand specific recommendations meant frequency caliber argument quite exceptional Finlly reading interviewing requi teams usually exceeded similar requirements comparable course These judgments students faculty members these The greatest weakness educational experience students relating disciplines actual investigations undertsken research teams In second establ_shed series seminars about possible disciplinary tools research dings assembled distributed However these seminars deemed failures students faculty This inability relate expertise particular discipline investigation policy problems resulted fculty themselves completely clear relationship Nor anyone matter In future problem relating disciplines policy analysis solved setting panel offaculty exPerts available consult point problems which relevant particular discipline Also thanks generosity Intercollegiate Research Committee number faculty members preparing essays readings which attempt relate their disciplines problems public policy analysis these documents prepared great public policy research teams Solving problem relating disciplines policy analysis important scholarly contribution educational advance which Program Public Policy Studies And process making scholarly contribution Program improving educational experience participants The learning experience faculty members Program similar students The faculty joined students learning about policy studies participating faculty member could consider himself expert field Indeed wonder whether there Such persons anywhere The attempt relate disciplines particular problems policy analysis provided faculty member perspective through which discipline Perhaps important contribution learning experience faculty coming terms relationship students research project The successful faculty participants those resources students instead participated actively research teams argued vigorously about possible nendations emerging testa This relationship between students faculty marked informality however informality impaired scholar student relationship student watching master learning example This character iearning process research One briefly characterize educational experience students faculty gaining critical perspective responsibilities problems living complex industrial society This critical perspective transcended particular manifested itself attitude critical skepticism accompanied sincere personal connitment social problems This attitude found those survived first Program Public Policy Studies The Pogram Public Policy Studies money problems distingui other activity Claremont Colleges However severe those comparable activities In spite small budget during first Program launch viable progrsm balanced budget This acccmplished first ruling number research tools scale proscribing extensive computers major surveys This arbitrary limitation created research deficit operation Program Second program subsidized those participating participating faculty administrative staff subsidized donating which Program demanded students subsidized Program contributing resources their pockets costs above those Program budget In first these subsidies participants condition success Over unrealistic expect these subsidies continue This means vigorous raising efforts undertaken strong support participating colleges During first raised Pinto grant Intercollegiate Research Connittee Our attempts raise money fomda tions government unsuccessil The reason success deserves analysis The first research proposal which prepared attempted emphasize Program Undergraduate curriculum Colleges Without exception particular proposal rejected every funding agency The response always interested undergraduate program instead interested developing graduate professional programs public policy analysis Therefore second current proposal which stresses graduate component Program although minimize continuation strong undergraduate program At least major foundations expressed interest Second proposal perhaps during coming academic Program attract significant foundation funding basis performance Another problem which tinue application funding foundations skepticism foundation executives about commitment Colleges Program This attitude results questions about possibility genuine intercollegiate cooperation Claremont Colleges support Program My conversations foundation officials indicate believe their money invested intercollegiate cooperation Claremont These officials longer believe rhetoric Claremont Colleges Only strong support grant application Program Presidents participating colleges overcome skeptical attitude Our efforts raising focused dations Yet I believe there another significant source possible funding which untapped private individual dcnor special interest community problems I certain there donors among raising constituencies Claremont Colleges No attempt contact private donors because I advised development officers there unwri5ten intercollegiate activities would attempt raise money private persons sources funding individual colleges I abided during current academic However I believe restriction unwarranted short sighted There strategy raising money private individuals which money individual colleges Each college could particular private donors college itself given certain amount money which earmarked faculty members college participate Program income endowment could faculty member salary released component Program perhap additional increment which faculty member could Program contribution general operation This particular procedure sugEested development officers beginning academic coolly received I offer again recommend colleges possible strategy providing funding Program D PubI Letting public results studies research teams Program Public Policy Studies czucial activities This delivery process important because constructive impact social change The publication reports itself sufficient guarantee findings known people community Indeed writing publication scholarly articles impact limited audience A colleague recently average audience article social sciences perso audience which quality writing twice again large In order share results research teams large audience general procedure follow through communication developed research Our first experience publicizing results research teams during academic encouraging alerted problems The report Child Care Crisis first selectively distributed policy makers interested problem circulated press The reaction policy makerS report consistently enthusiastic At present early evaluate overall impact press release But experience report indicates difficulties dealing press The Prggr_s_ Bulletin featured front story headline ndcate especia attacked localbl services listed local visited This story presented biased report press release about report created negative reaction among those child centers As stated earlier report criticl national child policy local services particular Our experience indicates prepared press irresponsibility The publicity surrounding publication report Los Angeles Air Pollution Control District nothing short astounding As stated previously press conferende prompted coverage story forty eight hours Southern California Also report featured nationally article Wall Street Journal Local coverage included special appearances student KNBC News serviceth Bob Abernethy debate between Robert Barsky APCD KABC radio In addition Baxter Ward KHJ TV featured three minute editorial commendin findings report The follow through process Smog A_ continues We recently appeared before Angeles County Grnd Jury Environmental Committee which investigating APCD And members appearing before Board Supervisors shortly There significant risks attached publicity process There those offended findings research teams exert pressure Colleges However research responsible those offended endured For seriously tance research seriously obligation share findings those something about these roblems The publicity component Program important research writing E Governance During Program Public Policy Studies governed Coordinating Committee composed representatives students faculty participating Program The student representatives student chairmen research teams Each college faculty representative Committe EVery important decision taken regard Program brought Coordinating Committee policy review The Committee regular schedule however average about month The governing process Program bears because during course there single which divided between students faculty Indeed decisions taken basis general consensus The Coordinating Committee Program indicates involve students faculty equal basis governing process educational operation beneficial results For record should noted there review authority Program vested Academic Deans However review limited In future there Review Committee composed Academic Deans supporting colleges Chairn Program which final authority Program although anticipated authority lightly exercised actual decision making power vested Coordinating Committee Chairman Program IV THE PROGPJM IN PUBLIC POLICY STUDIES AND THE CLAREMONT COLLEGES In addition lessons learned about Progr Public Policy Studies Program learned about Claremont Colleges Our overall lesson behind rhetoric cluster colleges promise cooperation implied there little other fulfillment Indeed I would whatever success achieved Program intercollegiate cooperative venture spite Claremont Colleges corporate group instead because The problems intercollegiate cooperation which encountered further explained A Intercoll looks Claremont Colleges perspective individual college central services fantastic demand placed limited resources These central services exist apart indeed opposed interests individual college One reason antagonism central services staffed persons other faculty individual colleges Nhen looks Honnold Library Business Office Human Resources Institute people associated individual colleges their primary affiliation Therefore additions central services lower priority ranking demands particular colleges Unhappily Program Public Policy Studies became viewed respects central service although never really central services budget share luxury inflexible support which usual central services demand Colleges Yet Program indeed intercollegiate venture There students faculty Colleges participating Program beginning However institutional participation reluctantly agreed during first Some colleges viewed demands funds faculty encroachment their already limited resources But administrator students faculty The demand placed given institution Program demand students faculty within institution without Unlike other central services Program beginning project involving faculty students colleges This carried little weight however administrators There seems built antagonism Claremont venture which across college borders This shame single college resources undertake number interesting vital tasks policy studies especially There institution Claremont which undertake adequate program policy studies itself intercollegiate venture there Program fulfill promise Therefore perhaps legitimate institutional antagonism centralized services allowed ffect example institutional cooperation which appropriate necessary De_ison makt_ng a__t_ Cla_rmot Colle g_es_ Two problems about decision making Colleges arose regard Program Public Policy Studies during First there problem decision making anDng colleges where decisions intercollegiate basis regard intercollegiate problems Second there problem decision making within colleges regard college position intercolleg matter The lesson which I learned about intercollegite decision making Claremont Colleges there little institutional arrangements guarantee responsiveness responsibility existing intercollegiate decision making bodies interests students faculty colleges The assumption behind existing intercollegiate bodies administrators trustees adequately represent interests stake intercollegiate deeision We lessons decade indicate theory representation wholly completely inadequate Our dealings Council Acexlemic Deans Committee during support criticism The Council Administrative Council previously called composed Presidents colleges meets complete secrecy hands decisions without formal comultation those whose interests stake decisions concerning Program The Academic Deans little secrecy invite representatives those whose interests stake present their views however their decisions finally secret The Board Trustees Claremont University Center among members trustees Presidents colleges incorporates representation interests particular intercollegiate groups students faculty members colleges When these intercollegiate bodies feels though dealing Wizard Oz request smoke noise comes decision which justifiable given character problem The hopeful development intercollegiate decision making establishment Academic Senate Since Senate clear represent intercollegiate interests faculty members Claremont However Program Academic Senate intercollegiate undertake serious evalue activities before nking decisions about The finalintercollegiate United Council denstrated itself effective voice intercollegiate student interests The Program dealingsththis group My conclusion about intercollegiate decision making Claremont Colleges living benevolent despotism enlightened administrators trustees thought needs natives academic community This attitude change intercollegiate interests students faculty represented through Academic Senate United Council through direct representation Council Board Trustees Claremont University Center Although probl decision making process intercollegiate level experiences decision making processes within colleges disheartening From perspective those Program appeared decisions Claremont Men College Harvey Mudd College perhaps Scripps College withdraw financial support Program limited meaningful consultation students faculty members Program college large Whether decisions would different there general consultation clear however likely students faculty would requested decisions based serious review Program activities later provided Academic Senate It surprising students faculty these colleges willing abide decision making procedures which deprive meaning policy decisions We Program would example success Coordinating Committee these colleges imitate procedures general least decisions about relationship between particular college Program C Th___e Collegs Diversity_ an__d intep_0 eg_ia One attractive features Clareont Colleges diversity among institutions Claremont Yet often hears halls particular college comments which diversity negative first hears complaints about intercollegiate activities undercutting diversity demanding larger shares college budgets common activities exposing students ogeneous curricular experiences On other hears great comment which bemoans different programs offered other colleges because programs especially experimental lower standard Claremont Difference taken inferiority Both conents diversity reflect attitudes persons Claremont These attitudes encourage prticuls college husband particular identity react quite defensively program which tends different which traditnal particular college The virtue which about Clrem diversity source Colleges greatest problems inability cooperate effectively I would argue responses colleges Claremont Program Public Policy Studies defensive character identified above contradiction actual these colleges As examples I would decisions Hs Mudd College Claremont Men College finance Program during coming academic Claremont Men College contribute money The Harvey Mudd decision justified because Program priorities Harvey Mudd science engineering school first support sciences engineering On surface argument seems plausible However looks current market engineers scientists dimensions social problems facing world which engineers scientists others graduate wonders whether traditional order priorities science engineering school program Program Public Policy Studies bottom Indeed number nation science engineering institutions M I T Caltech among enthusiastically supported programs goals quite similar One could argue I believe persUasively greatest contributions future scientists engineers those relate their technical expertise problems which focus Program The decision Claremont Men College support Program financially I might difficult faculty members participate Program released basis directly inconsistent stated purpose institution Claremont Men College supposed institution preparing students become leaders business public affairs Today future these public affairs about issues which heart Program Public Policy Studies At thevery President Claremont Men College commending importance internships practical experience students seems incongruous College encouraging students faculty active campus operation devoted dealing problems which students interns later leaders business public affairs I should ualifyn previous remarks emphasizing institutional position necessarily position students faculty these institutions I believe unsatisfactory decision making procedures discussed previously contributed unexpected decisions taken these nstitutions Diversity C aremont Co _eges demands institutions should required support programs particular program supported justified giyen purposes character particular college However these decisions support which secret future success cooperation Claremont taken after generl consultation careful consideration relationship between particular program character particular college In future I Program Public Policy Studies seriously evaluated manner before decisions The Program Public Policy Studies fulfilled behalf Claremont Colleges which traditional relation between university society which finds itself gadfly We attempted provide constructive criticism communities I plural communities advisedly We ttempted analyze issues Claremont Pomona Pomon Valley Los Angeles County Calilbrnia which relevant problems faced throughout United States And attempted these problems manner which recognizes needs these communities Some reports quite critical muckraking But created The problems there We Program attempted identify issues focus solutions available responsible citizens communities Often voice Claremont fulfilling This I believe regretable situatio Without dealing problem whether institutions should positions I would Presidents Claremont Colleges undertake similar Program As leaders scholarly communities Presidents special obligation larger communities which This obligation speak important issues domestic foreign facing their society Some Presidents Claremont Colleges occasion And deserve support However leadership regular vigorous Southern California requires I would especially Presidents individuals helping Southern California terms problems environmental degradation general pollution particular We Program already taken significant bringing issue public attention However crisis pollution Sout California demands stronger leadership continuing basis There risks associated public leadership Presidents there udoubtedly contributors Colleges approve However interest Claremont Colleges their leaders strong position regard pollution I would argue future Claremont Colleges depends quick solution problem Claremont cannot continue important complex private institutions unable attract students faculty environment poisoned pollution There crisis crisis demands strong leadership Presidents Claremont Colleges iodividually group individuals their actions could significant impact future Southern California CONCLUSION Before concluding I express personal appreciation those contributed derful learning experience myself Special thanks Kathleen Wolf Executive Secretary Program Ross Burke Administrative Assistant these people possible Program operate devote myself research teams Alice Wonderlsmd Claremont Colleges politics In addition I would thank faculty members participated Program their unselfish donation proved Claremont share scholar citizens pursue roles conscientiously creatively And course I thank students taught about policy studies ought about teachers students together All Program thank Claremont Colleges which often spite temselves helpedus prove learning immediately contribute social change The Colleges important positive stand behalf which deserves notice appreciation Ne aware instances where substantial donors Colleges pressure individual college Presidents because activities Program Public Policy Studies The Presidents great courage consistently protected independence integrity Never history Program interference research For integrity thank Colleges Our integrity guarantee contribute social change And social change iswhat necessarily requires conclusion beginning The Program Public Policy Studies Claremont Colleges contribute helping COlleges changing world about Both example approach education through actual impact policy research Program Public Policy Studies Colleges become agencies positive creative change thereby change Colleges positive creative gRespectfullY Sge J Chairman JS Note Persons wishing respond report contact Mr Spitzberg through Institute Current World Affairs Fifth Avenue New York New York lOO17 June Received New York June