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9/1/2006 - Role Models: The Jama’at-i Islami and its Big Plans for Reshaping Pakstani Society by Nicholas Schmidle

Role Models The Jama Islami Big Plans Reshaping Pakstani Society By Nicholas Schmidle September ON THE EVENING OF August Pakistan Independence Day mostly crowd gathered central Lahore cheer along opposi denounced military regime President Pervez Musharraf A coalition Islamist parties known collectively Muttahida Majlis Amal MMA United Action Front organized rally They occasion August country important national holidays stage event The speakers wavered between Nationalist Revolutionary Flags representing MMA component parties outnumbered Pakistani flags During short scheduled break between orators reggae catchy melody played PA system Why doesn Musharraf uniform Because would naked Musharraf If speaker pened pause seconds cheerleader firebrand would charge microphone throw scream handful battle cries included Leave Musharraf Leave Islami Enqelab Islamic Revolution Pakistan matlab What meaning Pakistan which crowd would respond La illaha Allah There God The MMA recent months gained significant momentum toward throwing Musharraf office In early August Islamist coalition joined Alliance Restoration Democracy ARD thereby uniting various opposition groups National Assembly The ARD includes erstwhile rivals Pakistan Muslim League N People Party Pakistan MMA Weeks later MMA politicians attracted headlines again Women Protection Bill amendment proposed Musharraf repeal measures spelled Hudood Ordinances shreds stormed iament The Hudood Ordinances passed General Zia Haq proscribe rigid punishments stoning adultery amputations theft codes MMA contends accord Quran Sunna sayings Prophet Muhammad Then August opposition submitted confidence National Assembly against Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz The effort short thirty votes Aziz government Musharraf regime remains under sides Two before confidence motion failed killed longtime Baluch politician rebel leader Akbar Khan Bugti igniting violent protests riots throughout country In lateAugust President MMAand Amir Jama Islami Qazi Hussein Ahmed reporters Musharraf policies pushing Pakistan toward chaos people present regime As Qazi arrived Lahore rally August crowd burst deafening chant QA ZI QA ZI QA ZI People jumped their seats pumped their fists A hodge podge young activists madrassa students assigned handle event security Their primary responsibility seemed protect religious leaders pandemonium broke secure general public Most teenagers holding shafts bamboo wearing stickers headbands Enqelab Shahadat Revolution Martyrdom Hours earlier simply stood aside hundred attendees wanting closer hoisted their chairs above their heads rushed toward stage A smaller number security detail looking their camouflage vests matching pakols woolen residents North West Frontier Province NWFP Azad Kash straight trademark mujahideen When I asked where gotten camouflage pakol professed belonging Hizb Mujahideen jihadi organization fighting Indian Army Kashmir almost decades The pakol uniform The chants Qazi troll figure Cumu Nimbus beard continued until someone guided through crowd lectern In celebrity fashion raised acknowledge pacify thousands attendees Finally around Qazi speak Mostly repeated others before Previous speakers already joked Musharraf calls White House every morning color shirt should screamed Friends America traitors Go America Pakistan But Qazi spoke authority After emphasizing Pakistan first isnot yetatrue Islamic society andsecond isbeinggoverned atthewhimof Washington heproclaimed Wearereadyfor jihad welcome these sacrifices bring change Qazi party Jama Islami established party MMA It almost thirty seats National As sembly In stark contrast smattering other parties Pakistan Jama nized disciplined careful ideological debates behind closed doors Its members sophisticated educated committed while leaders focused opportunistic In short party could seize initiative opposition Musharraf snowballs OVER THE PAST FEW years popularity Islamist parties increased across Muslim world Following Afghanistan Iraq leaders succeeded neling Western sentiments support their respective parties Local experts agree factor explains MMA strong showing elections almost percent national formed governments Pakistan provinces These parties triumphed thanks Bush administration rhetoric promoting democr In places Egypt Palestine Iraq where secular tatorships Islamist forces elections Islamists suddenly voice The results however White House Since historians intellectuals stepped forward recast parameters debate concerning Islamist parties Paul Berman intellectual whose ideas resonate Pentagon policy circles Terror Liberalism In Berman contends Islamist politics suffer nasty tendencies characterized Nazism Fascism Communism Adolph Hitler after elected Not candidates interested promoting Jeffersonian Democracy Some parties thinking Hamas Palestine Muslim Brotherhood Egypt deserve chance govern because inherently liberal In August press conference President Bush described America adversary War Terror Islamic Fascism Still there contend providing Islamist parties opportunities participate political process results According pothole theory democracy Islamist groups power become entangled tasks fixing sewers paving roads contemplate jihad The responsibilities NES governance other words toward moderat Islamists fiery combative policies This debate particularly acute Pakistan where MMA constantly making staging rallies protests against government Should Islamist threat interpreted based MMA ideology practice office For example Jama Islamist counterparts recognizes jihad sixth Pillar Islam The other being shahadah profession faith salat prayer fasting zakat paying pilgrimage Mecca Their literature spiked Islamic revolution jihad doomed Western secular world Not Pakistanis however On night August after rally finished I hummed across Lahore rickshaw friends dinner The first minutes I contemplated extent which MMA rally indication Pakistan Islamist takeover mullahs nukes But beyond earshot MMA mammoth PAsystem packs dogging young their torcycles became attraction While beards chanting praying screaming against Amer middle class recklessly weaving through traffic popping wheelies giving their riding partners fives along Most bandanas patterned white Stars Stripes around their heads And night going having Such juxtaposing scenes between people screaming rally packs Rolling Thunder roads reflect complex situation Pakistan Still Jama Islami believes offer least little something everyone As evidence supporters point mayoral tenure Naimatullah Khan Ka rachi Khan served mayor million person megalopolis roughly equivalent population Florida until I asked across spectrum people Karachi thought about Many Khan greatest mayor I still agree ideas ardent supporter People Party Pakistan between puffs better these other buggers In years office Khan Karachi thorough facelift He increased annual budget almost He built three flyovers raffic problems within budget Today meanwhile Jama nemesis Muttahida Qaumi Movement MQM government swamped allegations corruption extortion sweetheart deals party members You I succeeded nazim mayor Karachi Because I acting nazim representing Jama Is I nazim representing people living Karachi Khan Those power before different category society They Oxford Cambridge governance people I contradicted mistrust Islamist parties because I given governance The people coming religious parties right Only gover nance I example DURING THE LAST WEEK July monsoon rains flooded Karachi paralyzed Streets upscale Clifton neighborho SUVs Residents remained without electricity stagnant pools rainwater penetrated underground pipes contaminating water supply When I arrived August water receded people doorsteps though alleys roads muddy The smelled combination soupy inside gerbil While sitting traffic afternoon result lanes merging because flooding driver sighed shook frustration This would never happened under Naimatullah driver No predict would right trying solution It present nazim damage himself Khan response flooding gained mythic status In July early August rains lashed consecutively Musharraf Islamabad consult Kh about situation After their meeting climbed Musharraf damage first At security tight Khan It until months later December Musharraf INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS MMA supporters gather shadow Badshahi Masjid century mosque built Moghulsduring height their power survived assassination attempts dozens So drove around I I explained problems Karachi And problem according Khan investment Karachi major stakeholders Karachi Port Trust Pakistan International Airlines Pakistan Steel Port Qasim Authority Export Processing Zone Civil Aviation others They using roads flyovers schools hospitals colleges contrib single penny toward development Karachi Khan Musharraf Nazim sahib honorific title I support trying involve stakeholders Tell money Musharraf replied Within weeks Musharraf convinced economic giants pitch package totaling billion Rupees million USD It marked first Karachi business magnates invested velopment In World Mayor project recognized Khan strong contender among Top Ten However local election rules forced before contest finished October barring receiving official accolades Similar circumstances disqualified Tehran former mayor current president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad mayoral June become president I Khan morning Jama office Karachi The office complex known Idara Noor Haq three story whitewashed bungalow edged sides swaying trees The turquois green white Jama Islami flapped front Khan office He lambskin grandfather sagging features Before mayoral election Khan spent years Jama Karachi I asked after experience prepared million people Did bedside reading material change I inspiration teachings Sayyid Maulana Abdullah Mawdudi basis Quran Sunna should equal everyone answered Sayyid Maulana Abdullah Mawdudi founded Jama Before involved Khilafat Movement World War I Indian Muslims Great Britain honored promise Versailles abolish Caliphate After failed tried Muslims Subcontinent recap their preeminent position Indian society which decline since Moghul Empire E ventually Mawdudi accepted demograph NES would never allow Muslims India Hindus constituted majority trained attention influencing burgeoning known Pakistan In order formed Jama Mawdudi determined challenge defeat vision Muhammad Ali Jinnah Muslim League Jinnah sought create independent state Muslims living India Mawdudi wanted creation Islamic state imagined himself simply greater leader Jinnah No trace Islam found ideas politics Muslim League Mawdudi wrote Jinnah reveals knowledge views Qur research whatever Qur All knowledge comes Western sources His followers cannot ijahiliyah party pagans Though these comments published years before Pakistan creation still unresolved dilemma identity meaning Pakistan Mawdudi wrote exhaustively about democracy Islamic revolution He insisted Jama stray original commitment democratic decision making within party adoption democracy national level With successive thoritarian government Pakistan Mawdudi resolve stronger In circumstances Mawdudi leverage powers trump decision taken central shura consultative committee From early writings until death Mawdudi concept Islamic revolution bucked conventional sumptions He believed revolutionary change flowed Since origins party stacked people influence doctors lawyers teachers The Jama looks society leaders revolution teeming masses Consequently general worth hundred captains In regard Pervez Hoodbhoy Professor Nuclear Physics Quaid Azam University Islamabad They successfully party Pakistan General Zia instance longtime sympathizer supporter Jama In 1970s began promoting Mawdudi books barracks Although Pakistani Army typically terrain drinking anglophiles sharpshooter serving during Zia tenure Chief Army Staff likely handed Mawdudi treatise jihad glass scotch after firing range After Zia Jama found members ministerial positions great authority Khurshid Ahmad leading party close disciple Mawdudi Zia appointee Federal Minister Planning Three other Jama members chosen National Assembly State Ministers Moreover Hoodbhoy party beeline education department In Jama Zia alliance struck twice first Jama INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS insistence former Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto hanged second passage Hudood Ordinances Later Afghan jihad commenced Jama itself financial logistical middle between Pakistani Army myriad intelligence services mujahideen Afghan refugees The Jama relationship power however always twisted It champions Pakistan nuclear weapons program lionizes notorious scientist Dr A Q Khan But another opposed every government Pakistan history For instance although benefited during Zia inter jecting ideas ranks military govern mention factions warring Afghan population relationship official level soured after Zia power In Zia reneged mitment elections Jama bowed cabinet spots Then Zia banned IJT Two years later booted mayor Karachi member Jama office Why people Jama Islami Zia close senior party official Karachi Even MQM Zia The MQM founded 1980s mediately chipped Jama support Nevertheless Jama Islami already established itself various layers society Now those ideas germinate It rubbish people They small percentage seats National Assembly Hoodbhoy They never gotten popular But popular change complexion country Mawdudi thought patient approach change supporters right places would eventually usher Islamic revolution Some people scared Khan admitted No ideology accepted percent But democracy We chosen democ I steered conversation Khan political inspirations political models Who I admired former Malaysian Prime Minister Mohammad Mahathir answered Mahathir perhaps other Muslim leader recent history paired religious revivalism modernization During 1990s Malaysia called Asian Tigers The Tigers cadre countries Southeast Asia whose investment friendly export driven economic policies fostered global financial In Malaysia capital Kuala Lumpur world tallest buildings minarets rising stories inaugurated Meanwhile Mahathir courses Islam mandatory schoolchildren Muslim couples forced carry identification cards verified their marital status If Muslim woman caught alone without cards could arrested This progressive principled approach Islam Jama would implemented Pakistan The entire Muslim world should leaders Mahathir Iranian President Mahmoud Ahma dinejad Khan Only courage challenge Western powers destroy entire Muslim world Without forgetting ideological mentor continued But Mawdudi started organization there Malaysia Maha Islamic Republic Iran Ahmadinejad FROM ITS INCEPTION JAMA AT I Islami operated highly systematized disciplined manner While other parties Pakistan splintered fractioned pieces Jama remains single focused entity It always stood philosophy better members plethora hearted There approximately members Pakistan Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr author authoritative The Vanguard Islamic Revolution The Jama Islami Pakistan describes Ja organizational weapon Leninist tradition devised project power ideological perspective political arena To project power Jama oversees numerous wings sister organizations Naimatullah Khan instance presently Chief Coordinator Al Khid Foundation Jama welfare organization Al Khidmat first organizations arrive devastated areas Azad Kashmir NWFP after October earthquake There associations laborers scientists doctors farmers businessmen ligious scholars students Each general purpose union Jama Moreover party divided country basic society neighborhood Doing guarantees neighborhood neglected those already belonging group constantly velopments policy changes within Jama Islami In Karachi party meetings every night beginning Sundays Jama Karachi senior leadership district nazims agenda In district largest administrative Jama lingo followed Zone nazims Mondays nazims Tuesdays units themselves Wednesdays On recent afternoon I Javed Sheik nazim Karachi office advertising Clifton Sheik middle rimmed eyeglasses Lower East Side hipster rolled around behind wheelchair He spoke English effortlessly advanced degree lived Karachi nicest neighborhoods This pretty typical Jama Most members educated Islamic subjects state universities Many spent either working studying including United States They profession integrated Pakistani society albeit society severely lacking Nonetheless Jama particular social number reasons compromised ability attract appeal First party strongholds cities Karachi Lahore while Pakistanis rural areas Second party relies written literature disseminate ideas though country And thirdly Jama literature mostly printed Urdu which despite being national language mother tongue about eight percent population Regardless these impediments Sheik noted Jama influence power continues expand Pakistan It because anything changed Pakistan everything international system Our continue because inter national events People starting listen gathering around To become member hanger Sheik explained Both Jama student Islami Jami Tulaba IJT intense application process involves shura assessment knowledge Jama ideological roots moral character To prepare first Sheik required books including Quran books Hadith history IJT Mawdudi A current member IJT today includes prison diary Hassan Banna founder Muslim Brotherhood Egypt The second screening procedure requires applicant In records daily schedule prays thinks about daily schedule I asked Sheik writing something I today I drunk night would automatically disqualify applicant It depended shura decision Some actions might forgiva other actions honorable One biggest things praying community added Sheik eventually became member IJT while studying NED University Engineering Technology Karachi during early 1980s Some times worked hours nostalgia We straightforward righteous Students spirit On weekends would retreats contemplate Prophet Muhammad During spent nights sitting together Quran Occasionally someone heard particularly scandalous party group IJT members would tromp across campus break They often harassed unmarried couples walking together When graduated 1980s Sheik through entire application process again entry NES Jama Although their ideas similar Quran Sunnah Mawdudi pilla ideology IJT Jama remain stitutionally distinct membership qualify someone membership During period however Sheik hypocriti distracted In resigned Jama He elaborate cifics Unfortunately Jama politics followed In early while walking morning MQM Jama rival Karachi motorcycles Sheik three times His mother watched entire scene window One bullet pierced Sheik spinal He spent hospital emerged wheelchair He spent eight years flailing unsure wanted Then turned In culture starting forty choose commit yourself I During umrah pilgrimage I realized eternal important worldly Sheik wanted The first thing I I Karachi Jama Islami office Within years became nazim Sheik still through application process though third doesn disparage ounce effort If people America would attitude toward taking Driving Test their birthday He regularly attends Tuesday meetings nazims chairs Wednesday meetings Clifton When I asked discussed these Sheik reached eared notebook flipped It included minutes every meeting Some entries pooling money assist Hamas Jama collected million Rupees roughly million USD organizing protests against screening The Da Vinci Code Jama ultimately succeeding having banned Pakistan because member It religious sensibili Christian brothers notifying members weekly Quran Walkers Club raising money victims October earthquake northern Pakistan Es INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS tablishing missionary camps organizing demonstra tions against government Our focus right dislodging government Sheik between The direction MMA opposition movement defined country rulers If election Jama gather protest Islamabad But desire country Our desire rebellion Allah IT IS OF COURSE accepted students impressionable On American campuses liable experiment everything themselves drugs alcohol sexuality losing weight religion gaining weight atheism vegetarianism insomnia republicanism fraternities ghteous aloofness sororities forth By coincidence I brought along Tom Wolfe I Charlotte Simmons I August report IJT activities campuses Karachi Wolfe character novel achiev country bumpkin named Charlotte Simmons He writes about handles social there academic stresses freshman fictional Ivy League university known DuPont Sim bucks under pressure After feeling loser being repeatedly sexiled thrown roommate about lucky loses virginity respect misogynistic winds dissing intellectual reporter school newspaper manages social standing linking basketball It little farfetched headiness experimental morality reminded liable resourceful college students The cover Charlotte Simmons points these students leaders tomorrow On August before anniversary Pakistan independence students administra Karachi University observing holiday hosting rally support victims Lebanon It featured speeches admin officials giant birthday topped green icing tissue sized pieces After nationalist songs chants Allahu Akbar God Great crowd students dispersed attend smaller gatherings individual student organizations The promenade leading Arts Faculty roughly fifty domain Islami Jami Tulaba The middle sidewalk lined dozens portrait sized photographs propped leaning against upside chairs The pictures showed wounded babies wrapped gauze mutilated piles bodies other gruesome scenes Kashmir Palestine Iraq Afghanistan Lebanon Miniature Pakistani IJT flags strung overhead faint rattling sound twitched breeze In shaded corner promenade around students loitered leaned against ledge The bunch skinny wearing spectacles shape sidelong piano crowd walked chair framed pictures If sudden moves companions notice would wrong Although looked particularly menacing their reputation preceded everywhere As student Philosophy Department Everybody campus knows IJT everybody knows In years after Jama first meeting IJT formed missionary group educate future leaders Pakistan Since trans formed formidable olitical entity adapting message practices political social trends blowing through nation given During 1960s 1970s instance acted Pakistani Army while tried separat rebellion East Pakistan present Bangladesh These efforts failed Bangladesh gained independence December At according Nasr IJT developed antileft force government actively encouraged IJT clashes leftist National Student Federation East Pakistan labor union activists West Pakistan The blood hundreds IJT activists killed during Pakistan civil enshrined IJT revolutionary credentials The experience elevated position among Pakistani nationalists proved IJT simply servient Jama With membership leadership policies IJT firmly became Islamist force During 1970s IJT flexed muscles again agitations against minority Ahmadi community The Ahmadis officially labeled Muslims denying finality Prophet Mohammad message believe Mirza Ghulam Ahmad lived century India prophet Later political force country challenge People Party Pakistan In IJT joined opposition movement against Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto supported Gen Zia Haq Initially Zia patronized Jama IJT But concerned IJT rising strength banned political parties universities campuses His decree remains effect today Simulta neously intelligence services propped MQM student All Pakistan Mohajir Students Organization APMSO Karachi formerly stronghold Jama IJT Though presence MQM Jama electoral strength IJT remained active educational institutions On campuses today IJT plays upperclassman willing younger students When freshmen begin arriving campuses start academic IJT workers there greet students register classes Between signa tures suggestions provide information about IJT ideas activities campus We obliged share message Jamiat students senior party leader Karachi Some these events include banks poetry readings displays together August During orientation period IJT rarely mentions sporadic violent vigilantism After sitting minutes among posse IJT workers Karachi University Noman Hamid spectacled nazim Arts Faculty agreed speak privately broke I asked about controversial incident occurred campus weeks earlier In July female student going LLB harassed raped university employee The immediately filed complaint administration Several later disciplinary action taken against employee Finally someone noticed employee sneaking university building people Shia student organization neutral people IJT there We believe proper reaction dents Hamid We ashamed The university fired culprit other employees punish assailants I asked Hamid IJT imagined itself NES morals police Is vigilante justice respon sibility IJT No responsibility responsibility university punishments answe But effective enough something Employees teachers union influence university admin istration members teacher union rival party MQM Another member IJT I party office central Karachi It Jamiat every Muslim But since performing their becomes The IJT intimidation violence preva campuses throughout country Hassan Askari Rizvi taught Political Science Department Punjab University Lahore years before retiring because declining academic standards radicalization campus politics The Jama Islami succeeds controlling ademic institutions If openly confront trouble Three other teachers Political Science department reasons In meantime least generation dents undermined Rizvi Pervez Hoodbhoy nuclear physics profes Islamist pressure tactics boldly manifesting themselves You should clock You would young women burqas hejab Thirty three years started teach there wouldn single covered Hamid agreed hejabs indicative IJT strength appeal society Recently sister became worker IJT women Two three brothers active party Hamid father voted MQM before joined IJT reads discusses Mawdudi Hamid When election comes around father always votes Jama Islami As telling about family background I noticed Hamid looking pensive Fellows shuttled shade whisper things Hamid glance around whisper shuttle In process passed green stickers commemorating Independence Day stomped American Israeli flags painted sidewalk Students proudly No Ahmed Burnui Press Secretary IJT Karachi INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS University We another fresh paint every Just stone throw American floor murals loitering IJT supporters handful Army Rangers holding assault rifles leaned against white pickup truck The Rangers originally deployed Karachi University temporary basis frequent campus disruptions there since Their reason being there prevent clashes between IJT APMSO After whispering looking around Hamid finally stood apologized excused himself Can finish talking another forth Burnui Press Secretary asked I wanted campus It unsafe promenade So motorcycle infested other university When arrived Burnui apologized discussion Hamid short You guest while Karachi University sponsibility We noticed APMSO activists watching Hamid piciously And though there gunfire since Rangers chance Burnui puckered scowl black shalwar kameez hanger shoulders Like Hamid But compared Hamid spoken going Burnui pression being scrappy willing fight someone twice A pinky slanted across forehead Last April Burnui handful other IJ T sitting under leafy overhanging sidewalk Arts Faculty about people APMSO circled around Most weren active students Burnui But somehow drive right security Coaster minibus The encircling students closer closer They bricks metal One swung piece clothes covered blood When I asked there hospital campus Bur chuckled rubbed There dispensary where stitch cobbler After finished discussing other campus A leader Jama speaks gathering thousands Rawalpindi September violence taken place years Karachi University I asked Burnui explain interpreted Mawdudi writings Islamic revolution It comes grassroots level Hudud Ordina which enacted Zia extend dictatorship It common masses Mawdudi talks mostly about democratic revolution Burnui Yet number Burnui classmates remain skeptical Just earlier I picnic bench canteen small group students Philosophy English Departments One Ph D student shared ideas German Critical Theorist Jurgen Habermas theory communicative action public space Pakistan posited vented growth democracy He elaborated defects philosophy Jama Islami IJT They realize Islamize through Western liberal Islamic process democracy Such ideological confusion Jama continued makes Islamist mindset The Jama adopted democracy matter strategy ideology OSAMA BIN RAZI IS balding voice softer laugh flush trimmed beard He spent entire adult acolyte Mawdudi cleared Islam During 1980s served three years nazim IJT Karachi University He thought IJT ideological based person instilled belief ideology justice heart After graduating Razi became editor Jama daily newspaper Jasarat before moving researcher Jama institutes Karachi He writing Doctoral dissertation Political Aspect Islamic Religion Is religion asked rhetorically Or larger system blood through Bin Razi comes across cerebral violent individual He generation ideologues Jama Like handful prominent Islamist thinkers before Razi convictions animosities against West strengthened after spending there In 1940s Sayyid Qutb forefather jihadi movement lived Greeley Colorado years When returned disgusted people laughed danced church repulsed being barber anywhere changed He openly supported jihad thoughts clashed those Egypt secular establishment In hanged Although Mawdudi founder Jama visit United States until final sought specialized medical treatment NES Buffalo New York versed English erature Western culture His interest familiarity Western thought informed rejection West tenet secularism In Razi spent month United States first attending conference Pittsburg travel cities around country In first meeting about journey second report When spoke about experience voiced quivered distraught verge tears America impressive first I sorry extremely superficial society It studio looks close there nothing there His voice quivered It would horrible society At point report writes Women become turning played often leaving And Disney World about pushed Not adult children there pacified larger Razi found display human evolution Epcot Center dishonest America total Cosmetic World while deems itself New World writes Despite nausea disdain American culture Razi acknowledged centrality thinkers particularly Samuel Huntington Frances Fukuyama In The Clash Civilizations Huntington wrote Christendom Islamic world destined clash In The End History Fukuyama theorized Communism mankind reached ideological evolution universal Western liberal democracy The End History sense secularism unable produce another system replace capitalism That because failed establish basic society family Your teenag becoming pregnant without marriage Secularism doesn justice anyone birth system Islamic ideology other ascendance because doesn compartmental society religious things secular things By breaking society parts Islam engenders harmony develops synchron society Razi explained And because convinced Islamic system ultimately prevail across globe The West fighting losing battle This Jama version Manifest Destiny Bin Razi pledged ideological devotion Mawdu things little differently revolutionary thought The approach untenable Islam cannot mixed other systems It complete system Hudood Islamic society forms because Islamization process replaces system entirely It monkey human Is there ideal I asked If there practical system world Iran Iran society traveled period revolution after years After about years revolution there became system answered We democracy based guidance Allah Iran shown ssible Some differences remain however between rhetoric elder politicians Naimatullah Khan coming ideologues Razi whose genera during Iranian Revolution United States dominating global power increasing diffusion American sentiments across Muslim world When I asked senior party official Karachi Jama Islami revolution though electoral system corrupted party committed democratic politics We revolution changing people minds attitudes forcing anything We tired hamdullila praise God Morale everything going toward INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS Current Fellows their Activities Richard D Connerney January INDIA A lecturer Philosophy Asian Religions Philosophy Rutgers Ion College University Hawaii Manoa Rick Connerney spending years Phillips Talbot Fellow studying writing about intertwining religion culture politics India described former U S Ambassador John Kenneth Galbraith functioning anarchy Rick B A M A religion Wheaton College University Hawaii respectively Kay Dilday October FRANCE MOROCCO An editor New York Times Op Ed years Kay holds M A Comparative International Politics Theory Graduate Center City University New York Bachelor degree English Literature Tufts University graduate Universiteit Amsterdam Netherlands Cours Civilisation Sorbonne She traveled written Haiti began jouralistic council reporter Somerville This Week Somerville MA Nicholas Schmidle February P AKISTAN Nicholas freelance writer interested intersection culture religion politics Asia He spending years Pakistan writing issues ethnic sectarian national identity Previously reported Central Asia Iran published Washington Post Weekly Standard Foreign Policy Christian Science Monitor others Nick received M A International Affairs Regional Studies American University December He lives Rikki Andrew J Tabler February SYRIA LEBANON Andrew lived studied worked Middle East since Rotary Foundation Ambassadorial Fellowship enabled begin Arabic language studies toward Master degree American University Cairo Following Master editorships Middle East Times Cairo Times before moving Turkey Lebanon Syria working Senior Editor Oxford Business Group correspondent Economist Intelligence Unit His ICWA fellowship bases Beirut Damascus where report Lebanese affairs Syrian reform Institute Fellows chosen basis character previous experi promise They young professionals funded spend minimum years carry designed programs study writing outside United States The Fellows quired report their findings experiences field month They write formally informally asthey The result unique reporting analysis riodic assessment international events issues ICWA Letters ISSN published Institute Current World Af fairs Inc exempt operating foundation incorporated New York State offices located West Wheelock Street Hanover NH 03755 The letters provided charge members ICWA available libraries professional researchers subscription Phone E Mail valley Fax Web address Executive Director Steven Butler Program Assistant Publications Manager Ellen Kozak Institute Current World Affairs The Crane Rogers Foundation The 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