© 2007 Institute of Current World Affairs
The Institute awards long-term fellowships to develop a deep understanding of an issue, country, or region outside the US and to share that understanding with a wider public.
Institute of Current World Affairs - Home Page

Below is a hobbled text version of a PDF document.
In order to read the actual document please click the link below and register if necessary.
(One-time registration is free and very quick.)
Read article

10/31/1986 - Revelations by Paul A. Rahe

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT WRITER S CONSENT INSTITUTE OF CURRENTWORLD AFFAIRS PAR DepartmentofHistory Revelations UniversityofTulsa S CollegeAvenue Tulsa OK74104 October Mr PeterBirdMartin Institute ofCurrentWorldAffairs WheelockHouse 4WestWheelock Street Hanover NewHampshire 03755 USA Dear Peter IsuspectthatyouwouldlikeGlafkosKlerides Icertainlydid bothwhenIfirstmethim earlylastDecember andonthetwosubsequentoccasionswhenherespondedtomyinquiries I canalmostseethemannow Iwillnotsoonforgetthetwinkleinhiseyeorthesmilethatfrom played across As chair office fingering worry beads Icouldnothelpbutthinkofhimasaleprechaun Suchistheman schama Klerides short graying Greek Cypriot stout barrel chested notobese thefashionofhisancientantagonistRaufDenkta clothedonvirtually alloccasionsinahighly respectablethree piece ashischoiceofclothingmaysuggest aBritishbarristerheart andsoul Or soitmightseemtotheunsuspectingeye forKleddesisalsoaLevantinepolitician whomust capable ofignoring legal proprieties circumstances warrant their neglect atleastinhisyouth hewasamanofaction DuringtheSecondWorldWar theaging gentlemanImetjustafewmonthsagohadservedasanRAFpilot Inthecourseofthatconflict hewas twice escapedfrom hisGermancaptors three occasions AstheBritishwouldputit hehadagoodwar InLondon whilestudyinglaw hemetandmarriedanAnglo Indian Afterthewar youngcouplejourneyedbacktoNicosia There GlafkosjoinedthelawflmaofhisfatherJohn Kleddes andthetwosettleddowntomakealifeforthemselvesandtoreartheirdaughter Had gradual postwar collapse ofthe British empire youngerKlerides might still bevying withRaufDenkta leadership ofthe Cypriot As itworkedout thetwoyounglawyersandfriendlyrivalsfoundthemselvesonopposite sidesinthebloodyconflictthatbrokeoutontheislandinthemid 1950s moreoftenthannot Glafkos KleridesdefendedtheGreekCypriotterroristswhomRaufDenktabroughtto trial whiletheformerwas secretlycooperatingwithGeorgeGrivas NationalOrganizationof Greek CypriotFighters EOKA thelatterwas secretlytheleaderofEOKA sTurkishCypriotcounter partVolkan Afterthesettlementof1959andBritain swithdrawal thedefenseattorneyserved alongsidetheformerprosecutorintheCypriotParliament Kleridesbecamethechiefadviser apparent Archbishop Makados Cypriot President while Denkta remained powerbehindthethroneoccupiedbythenewbornrepublic sTurkishVice President Dr Fazll Kiiiik Whenintercommunal strifebrokeoutonthe21stofDecember 1963andtheRepublic ofCypruscollapsed bothmenweredeeplyinvolved ItwasaboutthateventthatKleddesandI often spoke about called Akritas Plan Paul A Rahehas recently returned theUnited States theEastern Mediterranean where fellow ofthe InstituteofCurrentWorld Affairs studied thecontemporary culture social development andpolitics ofthe region earlier history Notmuchmorethantwentyyearsago onthe21stofApril theGreekCypriot newspaperPatrspublishedadocumentthathasbeen attheheartoftheCyprusdisputeever since Thoughdefunctandnowvirtuallyforgotten Patrfswasajournalofconsiderable importanceatthetime forallpracticalpurposes itfunctionedasamouthpieceforGeorge Grivas Archbishop Makarios principal rival straggle leadership underway within theGreekCypriotcommunity LikeMakarios GrivaswasaGreekCypriotbybirth buthehad spentthebetterpartofhiscareerontheGreekmainland hewasaLieutenant General Royal Hellenic Army FewGreeks ofhis generation achieved greater In 1940s whenhe Colonel Grivas gained notoriety mainland leader Chi extreme rightwing monarchist guerrilla organization employed torture assassination against Hellas communists their leftist allies during Greek CivilWar Inthelate1950s hebecameaher ointheeyesofmanyGreeksfortherolethathe thenplayedintheGreekCypriotstruggletopersuadeCyprus Britishrulerstocedetheislandto Greece With support ofMakarios Grivas organized National Organization Cypriot Fighters EOKA launched dramatic highly successful campaign ofterror against Britishandtheirlocalsupporters In1959 whenBritaincommittedherselftograntingtheisland independence Makarios Greek administration leadby Constantine Karamanlis persuaded Grivas against soldier better instincts straggle retire withdraw island settle Athens devote waning years collecting stamps Not thereafter Grivas foundon stump throughout Hellas denouncing Makarios signing Zurich London accords which brought island amodicumof independence price ofexplicitly prohibiting enosis unification Greece In returned Cyprus tocommand train Greek Cypriot Natio Guard establishedon theordersofArchbishopMakarios ThereisreasontosuspectthatGrivassuppliedPatrfswith thedocumentthat itpublishedlateinApril ForMakariosandhisclosestsupporters Grivas returntoCypruswasanadmissionof defeat andtheaginggeneralwasclearlyintentonhumiliatingtheArchbishop Thedocument publishedbyPatrfsborethe signature TheChiefAKRITAS andpurportedtobeaplandrawn upearlyin1963withthe fullknowledgeofMakariosontheordersofhisMinisteroftheInterior PolykarposGeorgadjis aformerlieutenantofGrivas Akritas Frontiersman wastheepithet ofDighenis thelegendaryherosaidtohavedefendedthemarchesoftheByzantineEmpirein yearsofdecline TolinkhiscausewithGreece sgloriousByzantinepast Grivashadadopted DighenisashisnomdeguerrewhenhelaunchedtheEOKAstruggle andtheAkritasofthe document Georgadjishimself didnothesitatetofollowhisexample Theprogramoutlined therein aimed liberating theGreek Cypriots limitations imposedon themin ZurichandLondonAccordssothattheycouldachieveeno Thoseresponsibleforithopedto complete Grivas persuaded under duress leave mished By publishing whatcame beknown The Akritas Plan Grivas supporters could demonstratejusthowfarMakariosandhisassociateshadfallen shortofaccomplishingtheir Intheprocess theeditorsofPatrfsunwittinglyhandedtheTurkishCypriotleadershipa propagandatoolthatRaufDenktaandhisminionshavenotto thisdayceasedtoemploy IfyoutraveltosouthernCyprus IdidinearlyDecember andquerytheGreekCypriots concerningthehistoryoftheRepublicofCyprus youwillrarely ifeverhearanythingofthe AkritasPlan ButifyoucrosstheGreenLineattheLedraPalaceinNicosiaandpayavisitto Turkish Cypriot Press Information Office ordrop current Foreign Ministerofthe Turkish Republic ofNorthern Cyprus tomake inquiries oflittle Bythesametoken ifyoureadthe literatureproducedbytheGreekCypriotsorbythose outsiders sympathetic their cause Akritas Plan never mentioned noteventobedenouncedasaforgery Indeed observerswhotakepainstobefair tobothpartiesoftheCyprusdisputealsotendtoremainsilentonthequestion Apartfromthe TurkishCypriotsandthehandfulofcommentatorswhoaccepttheirargumentsuncritically I knowofonlyonewriterinclinedtobelievethatthedocumentisgenuine As ithappens right So GlafkosKleridestoldmeonewarmandsunnymorninginearlyDecember II I wrote letter January shortly after I returned Istanbul Cyprus I failed finish because route Cyprus I spent Christmas Vienna again enjoying hospitality offormer Institute Fellow Denny Rusinow Mary Dennyhascoveredtheislandformz nyyearsfortheUniversitiesFieldStaffInternational knowsnearly alloftheprincipalfiguresontheisland andhehadbeenparticularlyhelpfultome insecuringanintroductiontoKlerides Asyouwouldexpect wehadmuchtotalkaboutin December ItoldhimwhatIhadlearnedofthecurrentstateofaf fairsontheisland andwe spokeaswellofeventsinthenottoofardistantpast Needlesstosay theAkritasPlanfigured often these discussions Dennywasassurprisedas IhadbeentolearnthatthedocumentpublishedbyPatr genuine taken abackby politician canny Klerides acknowledgedthe HewonderedoutloudwhethertheagingGreekCypriothadmeantour discussiontobeofftherecord whenIrespondedthatKlerideshadgivennoindicationthat urged nonetheless think twice before including Klerides revelation Institute letter Ididthinktwice Ibeganaletteronthesubject Then Ithoughtathirdtimeandsetthe matter aside There hurry though early history ofthe Cypriot Republiccouldhardlybetermed amatterofmerelyacademicinterest Ibreaksilencenowfor tworeasons atsomepoint thegenuinenessofthedocumentshouldbecomeamatterof historicalrecord onCyprusinrecentmonths AlekosConstantinides editorofAlthe journalcloselyass ociatedwithKlerides hasbeguntalkingopenlyoftheAkritasPlan Klerides appearstobelievethat itnowserveshispurposetomakepublictheconspiratorialdimensionof GreekCypriotpoliticsintheearly 1960s andIthinkthatIcannowseewhyhespokesoopenly withmeconcerningsodelicateasubject AftertheTurkishinterventionontheislandin1974 Klerides Makarios quarreled Archbishop movedto exclude former associate thepoliticalarena andKlerideshasbeenpublicly criticalofMakarios conductofofficeever since ThoughsomeofthedirtylinenbeingairedoncebelongedtoGlafkosKlerideshimself veteran politician powerful interest discrediting Archbishop today GeorgeGrivashadwhenMakarioswasstillalivein1966 Kleridesseemsalsonowtobelieve truth always interest Greek Cypriots reach accommodation their Turkish neighbors thatno reconciliation everbe possible until unless ConsiderthesilenceonthisscoreofCharlesFoleyandW I Scobie TheStruggleforCy Stanford MichaelAttalides Cyprus NationalismandInternationalPolitics Edinburgh andChristopherHitchens Cyprus London See forexample NancyCmwshaw TheCyprusRevolt AnAccountoftheStruggleforUnionwithGreece London andAndrewBorowiec TheMediterraneanFeud NewYork See forexample PierreOberling TheRoadtoBellapais TheTurkishCypriotExodustoNorthernCyprus New York SeeStanleyMayes Makarios ABiography London ThiswasformerlyknownastheAmericanUniversitiesField Staff Greeks ofthe islandcome admit themselves andto world enormity ofwhat havedone So atleast IthoughtinDecember Ithinkvcnnow ThearticlepublishedinPatrfsinApril 1966includedGlafkosKleridesamongthose responsiblefortheAkritasPlan WhenIspokewithhim Kleridesdidnotdenyhavingbeen involved buthe considerable leavemewith impression peripheral As story Archbishop Makarios Polykarpos Georga central figures To precise Klerides indicated Makarios instructions Interior Ministercommissioned anumberofGreek Cypriot officers serving theGreekArmytodraw detailedplan specifying measures takenby police andby theGreek contingent stationedon Cyprus under Treaty ofAlliance should there serious intercommunalviolence Toclarifywhythisseemednecessary Ihaveappendedtothislettera translation ofthedocumentpublished byPatrfs Asthatdocumentmakesclear intheearly1960s theGreekCypriotleadershipwas still intentonachievingenosiswithGreece ThoughMakariosandhissupportershadbeenpartyto theZurich Londonaccords theyhadbrokenwithGrivasovermeansandnotoverends They tookseriouslytheBritishthreattodividetheislandbetweenGreeceandTurkey toprevent willing acceptindependence terms appeared enosis altogetherbutthatcouldandwouldberevisedassoonascircumstancespermitted Inpractice Greekethnarch owers Republic ofCyprus interimregime stepping stone their achievement national objective Once British weregone Makariosandhisassociatesbelieved itwouldberelativelyeasytoremovethe obstaclesthatstoodinthewayoftheCypriots achievingfull determination Fromthe outset determination wasacodewordforenosis Self determination meantthatthe Turkish minority Cyprus would putup island absorption Greece withthediscriminationthattheywouldthereafterinevitably sufferasMuslimcitizensand property ownersinaGreekOrthodox state Given their numericalpreponderance Greeks could easily imposed their willon theirTurkishneighbors wereitnotforCyprus closeproximitytoAsiaMinor Giventhe island sdistancefrommainlandGreeceandgiven itsvulnerabilitytoTurkishassault Makarios thought itessentialthatTurkeybepreventedfrominterferingwiththestepsthatwouldbe undertakenasheandhissupportersmovedtowardsadeclarationofenosis TheGreekCypri ethnarchwaspersuadedthatworldpublicopinion ifproperlymanipulated wouldserveto restraintheTurks Consequently theAkritasPlanpresupposedapolicyofgradualism First wouldbe necessary topersuade nonaligned nations themembers ofthe United Nations Britain United States Cypriot Constitution systemofethnic checks balanceswasunworkable Then itwouldbepossibletoeliminatethevetogiventheTurkish Cypriotsinthe1959Constitution Thereafter oncetheGreekmajoritywasinfullcontrolofthe governmentapparatus itwouldbepossibletorepudiatetheTreatiesofAllianceandGuarantee thatgaveTurkeytherighttostationtroopsontheislandandtointervene unilaterally necessary indefenseoftheRepublicofCyprusasconstitutedin1959 Finally theGreek Cypriot leadership could stage plebiscite island Greek majority couldvote openly publicly forunion Hellas As documentpublishedbyPatrfs makes evident Akritas Planwas commissioned Makarios associates persuade theyhad prettymuch achieved Forthe translation seeZaimM Nejatigil OurRepublic inPerspective Nieosia GLAFKOS KLERIDES first objective In Nonaligned Movement United Nations councils Europe Makarios hademerged figure ofconsequence Fazl KtiiJkwas virtually unknown andtheethnictensionsonCyprushadcometobeseenasanannoyance Thosefamiliarwiththe embassy circuit Nicosia encounteredfew diplomatswhohad sympathy Turkish cause andthe reactionaries whosupportedGeorgeGrivasandthreatenedprecipitantaction could easily contained Makariosandhisminionshadfew illusionsregardingtheobstacles thatstoodintheway oftheiraccomplishingthesecondoftheirgoals NoonesupposedthatFazllKiitik Rauf Denkta their allies within Turkish community would agree accept revision ofthe Constitution ThatiswhyitwasdeemedessentialthatGeorgadjisandthepoliceforcebe preparedforintercommunalviolence IfMakarios Klerides andtheirsupporterscoulden gineer collapse ofthe republic could demonstrate world Turks obstructing operations ofthe central administration regime things stood completelyunworkable theGreekscouldunilaterallyimposeachangeofregime The island sTurkswouldnodoubtresist ifpreparationswereproperlymade theywould quicklybecrushed Ineffect theAkritasPlancalledforaGreekCypriotcoupd When I spoke Klerides I asked whether Georgadjis implemented December shortly after Archbishop Makarios presented Dr Kiiqiik proposals foramendingtheConstitution Kiiqiikrejectedtheoffer andanincidentinvolvingGreekCypriot policemen Turkish Cypriot prostitute touched offintercommunal violence Nicosia Klerides answered lrmative Makarios decided change unfair elements Constitution Akritas Plan preparedon expectation thatTurkey Turkish Cypriotswouldreactviolentlytoanyattemp tontheGreekCypriot sidetobringaboutchanges Zurich andLondon Accords weeven carried exercises smooth anydifficultiesthatappeared Thatwastheplanweputintoeffect Tothisseriesofobservations Kleridesaddedoneproviso Theoriginalschemecalledfor theGreekarmycontingentontheislandtoleave itsbase surroundtheTurkisharmycontingent restrict quarters In crunch Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou unwil recently Constantine Karamanlis frompower andhewasinthemidstofanelectoralcampaigninGreece Inthosecircumstances hecould hardlyaffordtoquarrelwithMakarios andthat iswhatallowedMakariosarelativelyfreehand fateful December But token Papandreou could hardly confrontation Turkey there telling whether amove Greek against Turkish armyonCyprusmightnotbecomeacasus belli I cannot whether direct intervention Greek mighthave altered results Itissimplynotpossibletoknow Asthingsworkedout thesecurityforcesunderGeorgadjis control supplemented remnants variousEOKAfactions unable tooverruntheTurkishquarter Denkta militaryundergroundwasintact thoughpoorly armed theCypriotTurkshadbeenpreparingforanassaultofthesortthatcame TheTurkish armycontingentontheisland itsquartersandthrew itsweightonthe sideofCyprus principal minority The Turkish mainland mobilized Makarios expected theUnitedStatesintervenedtopreventaninvasionoftheisland Andthefinalresultwasa stalemate island Turks concentrated enclaves resulted George Papandreou authorizing George Grivas return island Intheend GrivasprovednoablerthanGeorgadjisinpavingthewayforenosis The stalematewas broken which Greek Colonels mounted against Makarios summerof arrival Turkish thereafter partition sland followed The Akritas Plan perhaps conspiracy failed forthatfailure theGreeksofCyprushavepaidaveryhighprice Iverymuchdoubtthatitwill possible establish amodicum oftrust between island chiefethnic groups Paul A Rahe AKRITAS PLAN TOPSECRET HEADQUARTERS Recentpublic statements Archbishop Makarios shown course which nationalproblemwilltakeinthenearfuture Aswehavestressedinthepast nationalstruggles cannot concluded overnight possible chronological limits conclusionofthevariousstagesofdevelopmentinnationalcauses Ournationalproblemmust beviewed light ofdevelopments which place conditions arise andthemeasurestobetaken aswellastheirimplementationandtiming mustbein keepingwiththeinternalandexternalpoliticalconditions Thewholeprocessisdifficultand through various stages because factors which affect conclusion rousanddifferent Itissufficientforeveryonetoknow however thateverysteptaken constitutestheresultofastudyandthatatthesametime itformsthebasisoffuturemeasures Also sufficienttoknowthateverymeasurenowcontemplatedisafirststepandonly constitutes stage towards final unalterable national objective which unconditional application ofthe fight determination As final objective remains unchanged whatmustbe dweltupon method employedtowardsattainingthatobjective Thismustofnecessity bedividedintointernaland external international tacticsbecausethemethodsofthepresentationandthehandlingofour cause within outside country different A METHODTOBEUSEDOUTSIDE Intheclosing stagesofthe EOKA straggle theCyprusproblemhadbeenpresentedto worldpublic opinion diplomatic circles ademandofthe people ofCyprus exercise thefightofself determination ButthequestionoftheTurkishminorityhadbeenintroducedin circumstancesthatareknown inter commun alclasheshadtakenplaceand ithadbeentriedto itacceptedthat itwasimpossibleforthetwocommunitiestolivetogetherunderaunited administration Finallytheproblemwassolved intheeyesofmanyinternationalcircles bythe London Zurich Agreements which shown solving problem following negotiations agreements between contending parties Consequently first create impression international field theCyprusproblemhasnotbeensolvedandthat ithastobereviewed Thecreationofthefollowingimpressionshasbeenacceptedastheprimaryobjective thatthesolutionwhichhasbeenfoundisnotsatisfactoryandjust thattheagreementwhichhasbeenreachedisnottheresultofthefreewillofthe contending parties thatthedemandfortherevisionoftheagreementsisnotbecauseofanydesireon ofthe Greeks dishonour their signature imperative necessity survival existence communities possible thatth eGreekmajority andnottheTurks constitutethestrongelementonwhich foreigners mustrely Althoughitwasmostdifficulttoattaintheaboveobjectives satisfactoryresultshave beenachieved Manydiplomaticmissionshavealreadycometobelievestronglythatthe Agreementsareneitherjustnorsatisfactory thattheywere signedasaresultofpressure intimidations without negotiations theywere imposed aftermany threats Ithasbeenanimportanttrumpcardinourhandsthatthesolutionbroughtbythe Agreementswasnotsubmittedtotheapprovalofthepeople actingwiselyinthisrespect ourleadershipavoidedholdingareferendum Otherwise thepeoplewouldhave definitelyapprovedtheAgreementsintheatmospherethatprevailedin1959 Generally speaking ithasbeenshownthatsofartheadministrationofCyprushasbeencardedout Greeks Turksplayed negative acting brake Havingcompletedthefirststageofouractivitiesandobjectiveswemustmaterialisethe second stage international level Ourobjective second stage thattheaimoftheGreeksisnottooppresstheTurksbutonlytoremovethe unreasonable unjust provisions ofthe administrative mechanism thatitisnecessarytoremovetheseprovisionsfightawaybecausetomorrowmay Omitted thatthisquestionofrevisionisadomesticissueforCypriotsanddoesnot therefore fightofintervention anyone force otherwise thattheproposedamendmentsarereasonableandjustandsafeguardthe reasonable fights ofthe minority Generallyspeaking itisobviousthattodaytheinternationalopinionisagainstanyform ofoppression andespeciallyagainstoppressionofminorities TheTurkshavesofar convince worldpublic opinion union ofCyprus withGreece amounttotheirenslavement Underthesecircumstanceswestandagoodchanceof success influencingworldpublic opinion struggle notonENOSIS onself determination Butinordertobeabletoexercisethefightofself determination fullyandwithouthindrancew emustIn stgetddoftheAgreements TheTreatyof Guarantee Treaty ofAlliance ofthose provisions ofthe Constitutionwhich inhibit unbridled expression ofthe ofthe people andwhich carry dangersofexternalintervention ForthisreasonourfirsttargethasbeentheTreatyof Guarantee which isthe firstAgreementtobecitedasnotbeingrecognisedbytheGreek Cypriots Whenthe Treaty ofGuarantee isremovedno legal ormoral force remain obstruct determining future through aplebiscite Itwillbeunderstoodfromtheaboveexplanationsthat itisnecessarytofollowachainof effortsanddevelopmentsinordertoensurethesuccessofourPlan Iftheseeffortsand developments failed materialise future actions would legally unjustified andpolitically unattainableandwewouldbeexposingCyprusanditspeopletograveconsequences Actionsto taken follows TheamendmentofthenegativeelementsoftheAgreementsandtheconsequentdefacto nullificationoftheTreatiesofGuaranteeandAlliance Thisstepis essentialbecausethe necessity ofamending negative aspects ofany Agreement generally acceptable internationally consideredreasonable passage omitted whereas external interventiontopreventtheamendmentofsuchnegativeprovisions isheldunjustifiedand inapplicable OncethisisachievedtheTreatyofGuarantee thefightofintervention willbecome legally substantially inapplicable OncethoseprovisionsoftheTreatiesofGuaranteeandAlliancewhichrestrictthe exercise ofthe fightof determination areremoved thepeople ofCyprus freely express apply ItwillbepossiblefortheForceoftheState thePoliceForce andinaddition friendly military Forces resist legitimately intervention internally orfrom outside because wewill completely independent It necessary actions carried order indicated It consequently evident ffweeverhope chance ofsuccess nternational field wecannotand should notreveal orproclaimany stage ofthe struggle before previous stage completed For instance accepted above stages constitutethenecessarycoursetobetaken itisobviousthat itwouldbesenselessforusto speakofamendment ifstage isrevealed because itwouldthenberidiculousforusto amendmentofthe negative points excuse these amendments necessary functioning ofthe State andofthe Agreements The above points regarding targets procedure followed international field B THEINTERNALASPECT Our activities internal field regulated according theirrepercussions interpretations given tothemin world according effect ofour actions national cause Theonlydangerthatcanbedescribedasinsurmountableisthepossibilityofaforceful externalintervention Thisdanger whichcouldbemetpartlyorwhollybyourforcesis importantbec auseofthepoliticaldamagethat itcoulddoratherthanthemateriallosses thatitcouldentail Ifinterventiontookplacebeforestage thensuchintervention wouldbelegallytenableatleast ifnotentirelyjustifiable Thiswouldbeverymuch againstusbothinternationallyandattheUnitedNations Thehistoryofmanysimilar incidents recent times shows ofintervention iflegally inexcusable attacker beenremovedby either theUnited Nations other powerswithoutsignificantconcessionstothedetrimentoftheattackedparty Eveninthe caseoftheattackonSuezby Israel whichwascondemnedbyalmost allmembersofthe United Nations forwhich Russia threatened intervention Israelis wereremoved asaconcession theycontinuedtokeeptheportofEilatintheRedSea Thereare howevermore serious dangers ofCyprus Ifwedoourworkwellandjustifytheattemptwe shallmakeunderstage above willsee ontheonehand thatinterventionwillnotbejustifiedand ontheotherhand every support since Treaty ofGuarantee intervention cannot takeplace beforenegotiationstakeplacebetweentheGuarantorPowers thatisBritain Greeceand Turkey Itisatthisstage atthestageofcontacts beforeintervention thatweshall needinternationalsupport Weshallobtainthissupportiftheamendmentsproposedby usseemreasonableandjustified Therefore wehavetobeextremelycarefulinselecting theamendmentsthatwe shallpropose Thefn therefore wouldbe ofintervention byproposing amendments first stage Tactic followed Omitted Itisevidentthatforinterventiontobejustifiedtheremustbeamoreseriousreasonanda moreimmediatedangerthansimpleConstitutionalamendments Suchreasonscanbe ThedeclarationofENOSISbeforeactions SeriousintercommunalunrestwhichmaybeshownasamassacreofTurks Thefn streasonisremovedasaresultofthePlandrawnupforthe firststageand consequentlywhatremains isthedangerofintercommunal strife Wedonot intend engage withoutprovocation massacre attack against Tu Therefore section omitted Turks react strongly incite incidents strife falsely stage massacres clashes orbombexplosions order create theimpressionthattheGreeksattackedtheTurksandthatintervention imperativefortheirprotection Tactictobeemployed Ouractionsforamending theConstitutionwillnotbe secret wewouldalwaysappeartobereadyfor peaceful talks actions wouldnot provocative andviolent Any incidents thatmay place beginning legal fashion legal Security Forces according Ouractions legal Omitted It however naive believe possible proceed substantial actions foramending Constitution first towards ourmore general Plan described above without expecting Turks create stage incidents clashes For reason existence strengthening ofour Organisation imperative because incaseofspontaneousresistancebytheTurks ourcounterattackisnot immediate werun riskofhaving panic createdamong Greeks towns particular Wewill danger oflosing areas ofvital importance theTurks while ifweshowourstrengthtotheTurksimmediatelyandforcefully willprobably brought their sense restrict their activities insignificant isolated incidents IncaseofaplannedorunplannedattackbytheTurks whetherthisbestagedor itisnecessarytosuppressthisforcefullyintheshortestpossibletime since ifwemanagetobecomethemastersofthe situationwithinadayortwo outside interventionwould notbe possible probable orjustifiable TheforcefulanddecisivesuppressingofanyTurkisheffortwillgreatlyfacilitate subsequent actions further Constitutional amendments should possible apply these without Turks being reaction Becausetheywilllearnthat itisimpossibleforthemtoshowanyreactionwithout serious consequences theirCommunity Incaseoftheclashesbecomingwidespread wemustbereadytoproceed immediately through actions including immediate declaration ENOSIS because there engage diplomatic activity Inallthesestageswemustnotoverlookthefactorofenlightening andoffacingthe propaganda ofthosewho notknow orcannotbe expected toknow ourplans asofthereactionaryelements Ithasbeenshownthatourstrugglemustgothroughat least stages thatwe obliged reveal ourplans intentions prematurely Itisthereforemorethananationaldutyforeveryonetoobservefull secrecyinthematter Secrecyisvitallyessentialforoursuccessandsurvival This however prevent reactionaries irresponsible demagogues indulginginfalsepatrioticmanifestationsandprovocations OurPlanwouldprovide possibility ofputting forward accusations effect ofour leadership national endment ofthe Constitution envisaged The carrying Constitutional amendments stages accordance theprevailingconditions makesourjobevenmoredifficult Allthismustnot however allowed irresponsible demagogy street politics ofnationalism Ourdeedswillbeourundeniablejustification Inanycaseowingtothefactthat known reasons above Plan carded borne fruit beforethenextelections wemustdistinguishourselveswith restraintand moderationintheshorttimethatwehave Parallelwiththis weshouldnotonly maintainbutreinforcethepresentunityanddisciplineofourpatrioticforces Wecan succeed properly enlightening ourmembers enlighten public Beforeanythingelsewemustexposethetrueidentityofthereactionaries Theseare pettyandirresponsibledemagoguesandopportunists Theirrecenthistoryshowsthis They unsuccessful negative progressive elementswho attackour leadership maddogs butwho unable forward substantive practical solution theirown Inordertosucceedinallouractivitiesweneedastrongandstable government uptothelastminute Theyareknownasclamorousslogan creatorswhoare goodfornothingbutspeech making Whenitcomestotakingdefiniteactionsormaking sacrifices shown unwilling weaklings Atypical example ofthis thateven present stage haveno betterproposal tomake suggest thatwe should recourse United Nations It therefore necessary should isolated distance Wemust enlighten ourmembers about ourplans objectivesONLYVERBALLY Meetings subheadquarters ofthe Organisation enlighten leaders memberssothattheyareproperlyequippedtoenlightenothers NOWRITI EN EXPLANATIONOFANYSORTISALLOWED LOSSORLEAKAGEOFANY DOCUMENTPERTAININGTOTHEABOVEIS EQUIVALENTTOHIGH TREASON Therecanbenoactionthatwouldinflictaheavierblowtoourstrugglethan revealing ofthe contents ofthe present document publication ofthis opposition Outsidetheverbalenlightenmentofourmembers allouractivities andourpublications press particular mostrestrained divulge ofthe above Only responsible persons allowed tomake public speeches statements willreferto thisPlanonlygenerallyundertheirpersonalresponsibilityandunderthe personalresponsibilityoftheChiefof headquartersconcerned Also referencetothewrittenPlanshouldbedoneonly aftertheformalapprovaloftheChiefof thesub headquarterswhowillcontrolthespeechorstatement Butinanycasesuch speech statementMUSTNEVERBEALLOWEDTOAPPEARINTHEPRESS OR ANYOTHERPUBLICATION Thetactictobefollowed Greateffortmustbemadetoenlightenourmembersandthe publicVERBALLY Everyeffortmustbemadetoshowourselvesasmoderates Any reference ourplans writing reference press document strictlyprohibited Responsibleofficialsandotherresponsiblepersons willcontinueto enlighten public increase morale fighting spirit without divulging ofour plans through press otherwise NOTE Thepresentdocumentshouldbedestroyedbyburningunderthepersonal responsibilityoftheChiefofthesub headquartersandinthepresenceofallmembersofthe staff within10daysofitsbeingreceived Itisstrictlyprohibitedtomakecopiesofthewholeorany partofthisdocument Staffmembersofsub headquartersmayhaveitintheirpossessiononly under personal responsibility ofthe Chiefof headquarters anyone allowedtotake itoutoftheofficeofsub headquarters The Chief AKRITAS Received Hanover