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3/15/1954 - Economic Integratlon by Peter Bird Martin

NOT FOR PUBLICATION INSTITUTE OF CURRENT V ORLD AFFAIRS PB attached oannesburg South frica March Dear Mr Rogers Here PBM about important change policy important Sout African politicl prtiee I three limit I mentally mysel after PBM chane effect Union future I desered coverage If marked ginning strict apartheid February belnnin apartheid practical cooperation partnership South Africa I think Federation experiment north great switch strict eegregation South African itall interested going north Limpopo although pretend shrug partership silly experiment there feelin watchfulness thouh thinkin South Afriansare xpectin partnership arehopin desperately In conversations South Africans thirsty newsof really Rhodesia really different here1 I listened member African Natlonal Gorress Mr Oliver Temba several speeches Western Areas emoval Scheme speeches point thinE tryin leEislate aEainat natural growth people expec thinE trouble Last night anothen African asked Temba point blank Do think there bloodshe Afrioans moved Sophiatown think bloodshed Temha answered frankly thattheremaywell bebloodshedsince itisreallytheonlywy Africans protester because convinced Government would welcome bloodshed proving Africans still savages deserve riEhts privile civilized There Europeans meeting night listened intently about possibility bloodshed It ieIfor reason Europeans becomi aware tension Johannesburg South Africa matter people watchln Federation carefully If there serlous trouble between European African serious trouble Federation between European African swing should quick dealsiv towards United Party recognition economic political inteEration The Sophiatown Meadowlandshas scheduled Dr Verwoerd April I intend to_be egins I descriptive newsletter transfer force On March landlords return their vacation moving I01 Alteryn Oourt Orlett Drive lllowo Johannesburg My thanks letter_ NOT FOR PUBLICATION INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIR8 Z9 First avenue Economic Integration Kew F O yndhurst Johannesbur Mr alter Rogers Institute Ourrent Affairs Fifth Avenue New York New York Dear Mr Rogers At present United Party givtr splendid imitation Livingstone catchin hisfirstlimpseofeVictoriaFalls eUnidrtysdiscovered thatNative ricaareessentialtotheeconclife oftheUnionofSthAfricaaeyare callingthisdiscove economicinduration conicingration leeVictoria isnotnew ButitseetobenewtotheUnidrtyaitsmembersarejust begiitorealizethatitistheanti dereforetheobvisawer apartheid In essence itmee thatapproxily alleulled workersd16percentoftheskilledworkersin urope industrXalareasareNative Aricans indispensable Like Victoria Falls econIc Induration slowly solid segregation beneath surface Uni Until crystallized minds leaders there obvious United Party comin apart seams Indeed month before their leader J G N Strauss publicly accepted economic integration Parliament United Party M P announced wlthdrawin their party caucus order separate Parliamentary group In plenty company other United Party members already caucus sittln Parlia independents Some these called Independent United Party members because United Party native policy Others because native policy hatever cause United Party blundering foggily around House Parliament Town psychologist unfamiliar The Nationalist Party firmly driver complacently introducin measure after measure implementation It apparent apartheid different thins different cabinet ministers there phase which agreed remind Africans nothing temporary migrant labor allowed permanent residence outside Native reserves This situation Monday February Part Appropriation Bill second The Bill itself unimportant It provides amount Revenue Loan accounts enable Government continue approved services country period three months until June But introduced limits debate stretched beyond ordinary members discuss almost anything On Monday debate began report Luister Finance doings Commonwealth Finance Ministers Oonference Australia Jamaary Minister N O Haven Australia rumor rculated through South Africa South African pound devalued during course conference For combination reasons rumor widely believed J Maurice Hines local manager Barclay Bank Pretorla snowed under applications South Africans rushing exchange their funds British sterling In Hines about I0 country South Africa hardly afford amount money Mr Havenga returned Australia flatly stated anyone helped spread devaluation rumor committed sabotage During February debate devalu ation rumor mentioned bringing natural course argument cussion economic position country United Party members economic position could silly thing devaluation rumor cause panic there fundamental precariousness econon oountry It United Party member Parliament Edenvale PrOf I S Fourie clear reasoned speech startled Nationalist Party hecklers comparative silence The subject speech economic integration The substance speech follows I There would rumors about devaluation there grounds rumors facts economic foundation people I study history I country economic policy always history economic a_parthe integration It question integration It It existed years Let extremely difficult position country today because policy present Govern This Government policy today In other words drive apart which natural economic factors bring together I blame present Government tremendous increase Integration which taken place years I blame Government happened unable actual interest people misled people pretending process detrimental people country process should steered opposite direction To tinue selfish manner services European service trouble easier burden drive solution problems future The thenon European reconlzed himself approach subject point I policy which being followed today Of greatest dangers white future white South Africa The facts course years given European through economic process cooperation certain powers given whites It clear economic foundation political progress The choice before country today either abandon process years economic mands certain degree participation political sphere If concede there stand fully completely total apareid In other words stand unrealistic idealist impossibility I those convinced facts which throughout history world cannot support economic integration basis political power throughout history world iaine trough speech Prof Fourie Mr Strauss several times I exact words drastic cutting cannot called quoting I therefore present their speeches precis forever maintain political disintegration political apartheid If Inister Native Affairs succeed disintegratln people today integrated industries agriculture secondary industries mining trade commerce I prophesy reverse poverty redevelopment white problem Dr Strauss thought decided economic integration presented Fourie official United Panty policy He follows Parliament February I proposing exactly where United Party stands regard gration Europeans economic country where stand regard consequences inescapably process I honorable friends realize dealing fundamental important question future South Africans Concere The question whether 5here continuation aceleraion economi aEration whether urnha proses fundamentalo approachohe European question I EolnE House 5hahUnited Pary recognized accepted process economic integration We appreciate South Africa interests demand process economic integration shall proceed Either accept process handle sense realism wisdom statesmanship proceed country years other words reverse trend economic integration follow other alternative which complete territorial segregation First Mr Speaker economic consequences concerned I surely mention vastly benefit South Africa whole One valuable assets country useful cooperative almost submissive labor force The standard living enjoy country based largely economic integration The Europeans benefit improved conditions better system social educational services easing strain populated grazed Native reserves The social consequences undoubtedly stark They housing overcrowding disruption Native family consequent deteriora their moral standards It picture which depress To lesser greater degree every country world passed through period industrialization tremendous influx population rural urban areas experienced these conditions I whether willing whether willing whilst picking beneficial fruits integration tackle difficult problems There point responsible person party evading inescapable political consequences flowed every country where economic power gained History teaches plainly economic power forerunne claims political country We prepared steps concerning political rights Europeans These steps prepared regard Natives Representative Council which unfortunately Government abolished establish 0ouncll leave talking predecessor called We prepared measure responsibility executive power We stand giving Europeans increased responsibility their parallel townships stand giving increased responsibility reserves We prepared watch interest experiment taking place borders Oentral African Federation At present steadily increasing concentration power hands complete dictator namely Minister Native Affairs Dr H F Verwoerd opinion nothing madman menace future welfare country We amongst those friends opposite their heads We apar__theid_ examine situation policy through As I position matter whether total apartheid drift which today economic power still increase hands Europeans demand voice politi country Dr Strauss leader United Party bellwether party policy It apparent policy United Party support principle economic integration opposite aparjtheid The effect party itself startling There enthusiasm unity purpose lacking years The results United Party solidarity shown concretely yesterday Dr Strauss released United Party report estern Areas Removal Scheme PBM The report rejects completely theory behind Nationalist Party zonin withdraws United PaTty support estern Areas Scheme Strauss Natives Resettlement BillI viciously autocratic cooperation being possible calls vigorous determined opposition Before economic integration speech Strauss United Party willin compromis The United Party fight listing reasons motion introduced preceding second reading The motion which passed would automatically request second reading postponed until months According political correspondent Mai__l almost strong opposition The committee which produced report organized several months general recommendations concerning Western Areas Scheme At first could agree unanimous attitude But after request Dr Colin Steyn concessions Europeans followed Strauss speech economic integration committee closed ranks voted unanimously oppose Scheme In releasing report yesterday Strauss gladden heart Father Huddleston First clear Government departed damental respects principles United Party policy which forward healthy proposals urbanization proper direction ReferretOaattobeintroducedinthesecondpartofparagraphtwo pageone PBM In British House Parliament passin motion postpone readln until months kills automatically throuEh Parliamentary tradition The tradition carried South Africa Former United Party Minister Justice Minister Labor under Prime 5inlster Smuts economic integration European labor resources Secondly Government remove present elements stability Native dents towns dprlvn their existinE rights freehold title opportunities terra tenure The principle adopted Govern forced removals transfers lawfully settled persons without consulta effort secure cooperation The Government plans inevitably interfere urgent requirements present Native housinE situation which include clearance provision homes catch exisir hackleE They necessitate unnecessary expenditure which ultimately borne ratepayers Gertain statements Men report African resettle around JohanneeburE couple recent utterances Minister a5ive Affairs appear Industrlal development artlficlally rollea This based wholly untenable theories arbitrary dispersal indus tries frlnEes reserves Finally intended forcible implementation proposals contained Mentz report would intensify present state racial fiction Three nights I dinner Mr Colln Steyn mentioned above private citizen leaders United Part Orange Free State Yesterday I spent Mr Jack Patten editor Jo hannesbur S observer politics Union years I asked Steyn Patten almost idontlcal questions about economic integration Their answers almost identical For instance I asked whether Strauss acceptance economic integration important significant When I asked acceptance important significant answers strikirly similar The frankest answer Patten under political obligations Boiled amounts Until there little actual difference between United Paty pelloy seEreE Nationallst Party pollcy The difference under apartheid African Natives ultimate intended return reserves United Party quite become Africans The United Party becominE because nothinE concrete which opposition The acceptance economio integration natural result Africans permanent residents European urban areas demand increased politlcal rights United Party poles apart Nationalist Party Elves solld foundation opposition When I asked results United Party acceptance would became specific The immediate results I athered Strengthenin posltin United Party Doubtful elements weeded Indecision doubt replaced stron opposition witness decision Western Areas Scheme Sten aoided ruskinE comment range results Patten United Party eventually itself again called intpower In feels imposslbility leislatinE existence aocordinE impractical ideology Nationalist Party break irreparably Both agreed acceptance important taken United Party since before defeat Both agreed thatthe accep tance further delay would resulted weakenin United Party point almost return To important there first strong political party Union Soth Arica which admits there somethin consider Native Affairs besides segregation which admits African Natives after human beings definite place economic political social scheme The reference Central African Federation without significance Nationalist Party seems ConCeder Party Percy Newton Dendy Young More important still United Party seems tohavestartedalongtheroadtowards8itodfreygine partnership Economic integration seems turnin point South African polities Sincerely Peter Bird Martin Received New York