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12/1/1994 - Introduction by Sharon F. Griffin

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUTWRITER SCONSENT SFG I INSTITUTEOFCURRENTWORLDAFFAIRS Sharon F Griffin UniversityofOxford Oxford England December Peter Bird Martin Institute ofCurrent World Affairs West Wheelock Street Hanover NewHampshire 03755 USA Dear Peter WhenIarrivedattheUniversityofOxfordonOctober Iknewalmostnothingabout thepeople language cultureorpoliticsofSouthAfrica sZulu nation Evennow almost three months later I I pieced together small corner giant jigsaw puzzle Ihaveanideaofwhatthepicturelooks Iwon tknowforsureuntil I connected interlocking pieces As Oxford I fellow Reuter Foundation Program journalists Eachfellow isexpectedtoproduceasubstantial pieceofwritingduring hisor hertime intheprogram I vespentmytimelearningasmuchas IcanabouttheZulu nation pastand present And focusofmyresearchpaper aswellasmyfirst Institute newsletter What follows research paper As conclusion extremely vague However I tfeelcomfortabledrawinganyseriousconclusions eitherinmy newsletterorinmyresearchpaper Twoyearsfromnowmaybe I llfeelconfidentenough tomakesomejudgementcalls Fornow Iprefertojustwaitandseewhathappens SharonF Griffin ismICWAfellowwritingabout thepeople language cultureand politiesof theZulu nation South Africa Since Institute Current World Affairs Crane Rogers Foundation provided fellowships enable outstanding young adults outside United States write about international areas issues Endowed bythelateCharlesR Crane theInstituteisalsosupportedbycontributionsfromlike mindedindividualsand foundations INTRODUCTION InAprilofthisyear SouthAfricabroughttopower firstdemocratically electedblack president And theANC NationalUnitygovernmentofPresidentNelson Mandela strives change glaring disparities living standards etween whites black majority Needlesstosay thechallengeofreconciliationandreconstructionisenormous There criticalshortageofhousing intownships abacklog inblackeducation anestimated million children should school unemployment percent Andthe listofchallengesdoesn tendthere SouthAfricaalsofacesauniquecomplexity It eight kings representing royal families traditional leaders eachwantsinfluenceandrecognitioninpost apartheidSouth Africa Howtoreconcilethe roleoftraditionalleadersandindigenouslawinademocraticsystem isamatterofserious concern thenew government The Zulu people comprise South Africa largest ethnic group their Goodwill Zwelithini oldChristianwith fivewivesandthe 8thmonarchoftheZulu nation kwaZulu Natal isheartlandtoSouthAfrica millionZulupeopleandoneofninenew regions existence April elections Twodaysb eforethedemocratic electionsthatendedwhiterule inSouthAfricaKing Zwelithini demanded sovereign kingdom He feared monarch rolewould diminished unitary state Zwelithini uncle ChiefMangosuthu Buthelezi leader ofSouth Africa third largest parliamentaryparty theZulu basedInkathaFreedomParty IFP threatenedtoboycott first elections ifthe constitutional roleand statusoftheZulumonarchywere notsecured Moreover hewarnedSouthAfricaofpossiblecivilwar At King Buthelezi abandoned their stance aider African National Conference National Party approved changes country interim constitutionto reinforcetheking position And perhapsmoreimportantly theANCand National Party promised international mediation after election resolve constitutional concerns Just24hoursbeforethe elections nearlythreemillionhectaresofkwaZulu Natal landwastransferredtotheKingbywayofatrustcreatedbyformer statePr esidentF W deKlerk TheKingreportedlynowcontrols10times morelandthanthe9thDukeof Buccleuch listed intheGuinnessBookofRecordsasthebiggestlandownerintheworld And worth conservatively estimated million Clearly theZulu monarch enjoys unique position influence future developments WhentheKingliftedhisdecreeagainsttheelections itmeantthedifferencebetween voting voting millions ofZulus kwaZulu Natal region Such election concessions would enshrine Zulu nation future But necessarily International mediators position There speculation government either stalling planning renege promise Inthemeantime violence political rivalriesandfeudingamongZuluroyalsseemstobe tearing seams Zulu unity King Zwelithini engaged complex power struggle Buthelezi Minister ofHome Affairs National Unity government Politicalana lysts speculatethata splitbetweenthetwo shiftthebalance ofpoliticalpowerintheregion which isamongthepoorestinSouthAfrica Rival clans kwaZulu Natal feuding resources women cattle Warriors armed assault rifles spears hatchets protected witch doctor battlemedicinetearintoeachother And asthepopulationgrows theproblemmayget worse Vicious political warring poses another deadly threat unity Faction fighting betweenNelson Mandela African National Conference InkathaFreedom Party reportedly claimed between lives province decade Peace workers estimate violence displaced halfmillion people In paper I explore various forces threaten Zulu unity consider thekingdom sfutureinSouth Africa snewdemocratic system More specifically I examinethedivisionbetweenKingZwelithiniand hisuncle ChiefButhelezi violence kwaZulu Natal andtheposs effectsofpolitical swithinkwaZuiu Natal THINGSFALLAPART TheZulunationisrelativelyyoung onlyabout175 years Itwasbroughttogetherby thewarriorKingShaka whowieldedtogethergroupsofdisparateclansintoa unified Zulu kingdom Ironically feudingoverthisyear sannual celebrationmarkingthedeathofShakalead King Zwelithini sever ChiefButhelezi proclaimed traditional prime minister That decision another Since announcing split uncle September King worked wrest custodianship ofZulu traditionalism fromtheInkathaFreedomParty tillnow theInkathaFreedomParty Zulu identity viewed indivisible It allstartedwhentheKingsentaletterinvitingPresidentMandelatobeguestofhonorat Shaka celebrations Buthelezi furious consulted about letter hisarchpolitical rival whoseANCpartyhasbeentryingtoluretheKingtotheir Nevertheless agreed King andMandela nsider matter Duringthemeeting attheroyalpalaceinNongoma however onehundredorsoInkatha supporters arrived bentondisruptingtheproceedings Theyjeered Mandela threw stones helicopter damaged royal grounds Worse praised Buthelezi Zulu greeting traditionally reserved Bayete meaning Hail Great One Later emerged anonymous leaflet circulated Ulundi urging people stand Buthelezi The pamphlet reportedly hewas being degraded leaderofthecommunists Mandela wastryingto disturbtheunityoftheZulus Insulted theKingannouncedonSeptember20 hisdecisiontobreakwithhisuncle He alsocanceledShakaDaycelebrations sayingthenationshouldholdadayofprayer instead ButButheleziignoredhisnephew insistingthatcancellationwasoutofthe question Heevenindicatedthatdangeroustimesmay lieahead iftheeventwerecanceled Thecelebrationsshouldgoonbecauseanycancellation isboundtoinflameangeragainst King It celebration protect King Buthelezi reportby John Carlin TheIndependent ofLondon Sureenough Butheleziheld celebrations inthekwaZulu NataltownofStanger wherethe century buried An estimated people attended Zwelithini meanwhile reportedly accepted protection angry subjects The dispute Shaka celebrations another public fracas On September million South AfricanTVviewers watched Buthelezi storm aDurban studio during broadcast scuffle Prince Sifiso Zulu adviser Zwelithini NewsreportssaythatChiefButheleziwas attheDurbanstudiosoftheSouthAfrican Broadcasting Corporation SABC interview about dispute invitation Mandela attend Shaka ceremony Once interviewwas Buthelezi watchedonclosed circuitadebatebetweenPrinceZuluandtheInkathaMPThemba Khoza PrinceZuluandKhozaweresupposedtotalkabouttheweekendShakaDa festivities whichtheKinghadcanceledandButheleziheldindefiance However nevergotaroundto AnenragedButhelezi accompaniedbyagroupofhispersonal bodyguards burst studio advanced toward prince demanded What saying about Viewers scuffle blows bodies surround Prince Zulu claimed ranting Buthelezipokedandproddedhimwithaceremonial stick accordingtoReuterNews reports Theyalsosawagunemerge Bythetimethedusthad settled PrinceZuluwas nowhere Buthelezi taken place studio chair He proceeded schoolTVviewersonZulu politicalprotocol Heclaimedthattheprincehadno fightto speakonbehalfoftheroyalfamily What smore hesaid itwasunacceptableforamere juniorprincesuchasPrinceZulu He syoungerthanmyownchildren toquestionhis credentials Meanwhile scores ofButhelezi supporters reportedly arrived entrance oftheSABC studios brandishingweapons PrinceZuluwassubsequentlychargedwith illegalpossessionofanOlympic 22revo andeightliveroundsofammunition accordingtonews reports Thecabinetcensured Buthelezi Mandela ordered public apology Buthelezi obliged apology meant problems The incident Royal Palace screen ruckus highlight complex struggle between Buthelezi nephew From appearances seems engaged inabattlefortheloyaltyandcontroloftheZulu nation Thedivisionbetweenthe tworoyalsdoesn tbeginandendwithjustthem Itseffecthaspittedchiefagainstchief leaving traditional leaders unenviable position ofdeciding where pledge their allegiance Choosing sides isnotsimplyamatterofpledgingloyaltyto eitherButheleziortheKing There third factor ANC ANC provincial leaders kwaZulu Natal campaignedforno lessthanfouryearstowootheKing alongwiththehundredsofjunior princes abantwana chiefs amakhosi headmen izinduna comprise monarch leadership according October repor ofAfrica Confidential WhiletheANCwoncomfortablyatthenational level 6percent Inkatha officially wonkwaZulu Natal percentofthevote ofthe81 provincial seats The ANCwon32 2percent seats Inlocal electionsnextyear thebackingoftheKing willbepivotalforkwaZulu Natal ControloftheprovincecouldswingtotheANC Zwelithini opposes Buthelezi kwaZulu Natal province Inkatha controls provincial government apart National Conservative Party Western Cape theANC And television cameras zoomed scuffle between Buthelezi Zwelithini sadviser itwas asonenewspaperreporterputit apictureofaman fighting political survival ANAPPETITEFORPOWER Alothasbeenwrittenabout oldMangosuthuG Butheleziandthewriters generally oftwo categories They either And appear Or perhaps better politics AnAppetiteforPower Buthelezi sInkatha andSouthAfrica isthetitleofabookco authoredbyGerhardMareandGeorginaHamilton Theauthorstakea criticalviewof Buthelezi InkathaFreedom Party Essentially maintain Buthelezi created Inkatha further political ambitions Intheirview heappropriatedZulutraditionsto servehisownpurposesandhe draggedtheKingalong realizingthemonarch spowerandinfluence Worseyet suggestthatInkathaisat theheartofviolence inkwaZulu Natal And indeed ithas reported prior elections close relationship existed between Inkatha vigilantes theSouthAfricanpoliceandthekwaZulupolice WeeklyMail aSouth African newspaper reported June several Inkatha officials linked squad activities Theweeklybased itsreportonfindingsfromtheGoldstoneCommission ofInquiryintothePreventionofPublicViolence whichwas setupbyformerPresidentF W Klerk investigate public violence recommend steps violence South Africa Buthelezihasbeendescribedasamanpron erraticbehavior quickto flyoffthe handle Criticism reportedly doesn He capitalist against international sanctions against South Africa Critics vilified supporting sanctions aswell hehasbeen criticizedforsupportingZulupeoplewhoapplyforjobs vacant striking workers Butinhisandtheirdefense Buthelezihas saidZulupeopleneedthejobs WhenwegoforthejobsthatareopenbecausetheANCcallsfor strikes wearecalled scabs saidduringanaddresstoagatheringoflnkathaFreedomLeaders inAugust Butwehavecometothe citiestoworktofeedourfamiliesandwegetwork becauseweworkhardandwell wearedisciplinedandcommitted Wedeservethejobs peoplewantto strike orwewillhelppeople iftheyareintimidatedinto striking Buthelezireportedlyneitherdrinksnorsmokes Hewasthe firstZuluchieftoearna universitydegree BAFortHare andhewasthefirsttomarryonlyonce His father ChiefMathole wives Buthelezi Princess Irene while nursing student Johannesburg They married whenButhelezi They three daughters He professes Christianity faith Two years during speech which vehementlydenied allegationsthatInkathahasinstigatedviolenceinhishomeregion kwaZulu civil servants I Christian I never sanction violenceforpartypolitical To others amongstuswho areChristian letmeremind golden thread which fight through Christian ethic Do others would Some political analysts believe Buthelezi Christian ethic isbasedmoreontheprincipleof aneyeforan Andtheypointto revenge attacks among clans proof indeed worry revenge attacks continue kwaZulu Natal years Buthelezi leadership ofthe Buthelezi became recognized stateaslegitimatechiefin HewaselectedheadoftheZululand Territorial Authority kwaZulu Legislative Assembly In governing territory ofkwaZulu established Buthelezi appointed chief minister In created Inkatha called National Cultural Liberation Movement As aside Inkatha originally describe artifact movement AuthorNicholasCopeexplained significance hisbook ToBindANation which examines Solomon kaDinuzulu Zulu nationalism He wrote It sacred containingsubstancesofmetaphysical significance bound circularly inwovengrass The inkathahadcustomarilyhungfromtheroofintheZuluKing sresidence representingthe unityoftheZulunationandembodyingthespiritualessence insila oftheZulupeople It served asasymbolof stateandofthe superpower oftheZulukingship The inkatha passed until destroyed British redcoats fired King Cetshwayo principal residence Ondini which today known Ulundi Therewas alsoa nInkathamovementthatpredatedtheonecreatedbyButhelezi That Inkathawasfoundedin1928bySolomonkaDinuzulu lateuncleofButhelezi In1879 aftertheBritishdefeatofKingCetshwayo sforces zululandwasdividedinto small areas withthezulukingbased atNongoma SolomonfoundedInkathato tryandunify Zulu nation ofits forced fragmentation However movement preserve Zulu heritage collapsed within years WhenButhelezi revived created present Inkatha oppose fragmentation imposed apartheid government emphasize unity ofthe blackpeopleofSouth Africa To furtherthatend herefusedtoacceptindependencefor kwaZulu He black homeland vociferously opposed homeland policy Some praised leading black homeland while opposing homeland policy But others labeledhima forparticipating inthe homelandcharade oftheformer nationalist government His determination resist independence kwaZulu South Afric government replace Zwelithini 1970s Zwelithini coronation December hewas23 Hehadbeenencouragedbytheapartheidgovernmentand royalists believe could challenge Buthelezi executive powers kwaZulu Assembly author Stephen Taylor wrote recently published Shaka Children The History ofthe Zulu People Taylorquotesanunidentifiedwhite official closelyconnectedwiththemaneuveringswho Our department Bantu Affairs trying invest power possible partly because thought would ultimately powerful voice Zulu politics because wanted undermine Buthelezi In Zwelithini proved match uncle News reports recount literally kwaZulu Assembly reportedly tears alter being subjected grueling inquisition Buthelezi Prince Sifiso Zulu witnessed scene apparently never forgiven Buthelezi aming King To Zwelithini attempt thing again kwaZulu Legislative Assembly prohibited participating party politics On January I ZwelithiniGoodwillZulukaBekuzulu presentlytheNgonyamaoftheZulus pledgeto theKwaZulu Legislative Assembly present Zulu nationmy solemnword Iwillwithholdmyselffromanyparticipationinanyformofpoliticsandfromany actionorwordswhichcouldpossiblybeinterpretedasparticipationinpolitics Ipledge furtherthat Iwillhonorinthought wordanddeedthe letterand spiritoftheKwaZulu government AfricaWormNews KwaZulta Natal PoliticalViolence ElectoralFraud andTheLandDeal Nov April And doubly Zwelithini brought under control Buthelezi reportedly threatenedtocutoffhisstipend Zwelithinibecame forallintentsandpurposes symbolicheadoftheZulunation whileButhelezi retained control forhimself ROYALPAINS While animosity between Zwelithini uncle dates 1970s serious problems erupted during build elections April Buthelezi Zwelithini appeared together political rallies And appeared theywantedthesamethings namelytheguaranteeoflandand determinationforthe monarchy Apartheid South Africa TheirdemandforsovereigntyledtheNegotiatingCouncil oftheMulti PartyNegotiating Process change South Africa interim constitution provide institution authorityand statusofatraditionalmonarch inkwaZulu Natal In terms means King close kwaZulu Natal provincial assemblyandleadahouseoftraditional leaders Though thetraditionalleadersenjoy advisory powers Zwelithini budget after royal house Though there again power actually budget rests provincial government In effect King executive powers power influence customary traditional Since elections Buthelezi changed about sovereignty Zulu kingdom Nowhe saysthere isnoplaceforanindependentZulukingdom What smore hisInkatha ledprovincial legislaturerecentlypassedacontroversialHouseofTraditional LeadersAct TheKingbelievesthe actreduceshimtothe statusofachiefandopensthe doorsforhimtobe votedout ofhisthrone Itgivespoliticallyalignedchiefspowerto varyorwithdrawmypowers functionsand hetoldaReuternews service correspondent The royal family threatening battle legislation Constitutional court Thelandtransferisanothersticky matter TheIngonyamaTrustActwasenactedto ensurethatlandoccupiedorownedbytribesinkwaZulu Natal wouldvestinthemwhen thenewconstitutioncameintoeffect Mr deKlerk approvedthebillonApril25 after itwaspassedbythekwaZulugovernment ThenewlawrequirestheKingto administer trust benefit material welfare social being ofthe communitiesthatnowfallunderhisway Hehaspowertodealwiththeland accordancewithZululaworanyapplicablelaw However hemaynot sellorleasethe landwithout firstobtainingthewrittenconsentofthetraditional authorityofthe communitywhoseland isinvolved accordingtotheNovember Aprileditionofthe London based magazineAfrica WorldReview ThekwaZulu Natallandtransferwasmadepublic aftertheelectionand fromapublic relations standpoint timing couldn worse By cutting hours before theall raceelections itappearedthatMr deKlerkandZwelithinihadactedinsecrecy whiletherestofSouthAfricahad itseyesand attentionfocusedonthehistoric elections ThedisclosurecausedsuchapublicoutcrythatMandela scabinetonMay23 appointeda committee investigate Buthelezihas saidtherewasnothing secretiveaboutthe Theland inquestionhad actuallybeentransferredtothekwaZulugovernmentthreeyearsago hence transferwassimplyatechnical matter But despite claims South Africa seven other kings At June conference ofthe Congress ofTraditional Leaders ofSouth Africa Contralesa membersreportedlyprotestedthecontroversial sayingthekingofthe Zulus deserve preferential treatment above other royalty The cabinet committee appointed investigate transfer reported findings June Basically thecommitteerecommendedthatKingZwelithiniremainguardianofthe transferred LandAffairsMinisterDerekHanekom chairmanofthecommittee reportedthattheact doesnotmaketheKingowneroftheland inthesensethat itishispersonalproperty He holdsthelandas statutorytrustee subjecttotheexistingfightsofpeople Furthermore mostoftheland isalreadyoccupied Hanekomtoldreporters ataJune conference The majority ofthe transferred trust occupiedby tribes communities since prior The limited impact redistribution restitution That Hanekom added committee decided should amended substitutedbecause resultsinanunusu almixtureofpublicandprivatelawpowersand functions This complicates interpretation application resulting uncertainty administrative problems The committee suggested following amendments substitutions v1theactshalldescribethe functionsandpowersofthetrustee theKing shalladdressissues dealingwith alienationoflandandresolutionoftribal border disputes Vl should govern tribally owned falling within former territory ofKwaZulu subjectto existingfightsofoccupantsofthe should provide should dealt accordance ofagreed principles I3 legislature should create structure managing which sufficiently broadly based ensure unwarranted interference personorbody Thisshouldbedonetoallayanyfearsofpossible illicit interference manipulation Thecommittee workingwithapaneloflegal experts alsorecommendedthatthe amendments should agreed central gover nment discussions parliament THEBIGBREAK Zwelithini wasted trying break uncle elections concluded The after presidential inauguration lunch Mandela confidedthathe hadbeenaprisonerfor24years aprisonerofhisuncle TheKing saidhehadlived infearofhisuncle alltheseyears Buthelezi controlled salary histravelarrangementsandevenhissecurity bywayofthekwaZuluPolice The King claimed lived under virtual house arrest Human fights monitors others alleged Buthelezi deployed kwaZulu police against political enemies royal family members included It charge denies WhiletheANCpointsfingersatkwaZulupolicehitsquads everybodyknowsthat unleashed campaign ofterror against defenseless black communities SouthAfrica ButhelezisaidduringaDec 19993addresstoaSouthCoastIFP Youth Rally Mandelasawto itthatnewarrangementsweremadefortheKing Heisnowguardedby South African National Defense Force salary central government Pretoria Thenew arrangement allowed King Zwelithini assumenew freedoms aswell asbetterestablishhimselfasaneutralmonarch Hehascomeupwithapeaceand development kwaZulu Natal unite Zulus politicize institution traditional leaders Though asurveyintheUlundiandNongomaareasofkwaZulu Natal revealedthattheKinghadalienated ruralpeople inlightofanapparentlypopular perceptionthathehadabandoned hisuncle sInkathaFreedomParty TheStarofSouth Africa reported Zwelithini urging chiefs above politics Partisanship traditional leaders resulted ofthousands oflives expressed bloodletting Inthemeantime Butheleziseemsdeterminedtokeepclosetieswithhisnephew Iam still Buthelezi reporters The IFP veritable gauntlet byrefusingtogointo electionsuntiltherewassomeguaranteethat smajesty sposition ofthe kingdom ofkwaZulu would secured constitutional monarchy I confident majesty successors grateful strong stands I taken So however King appears taken THEBITTEREND AnEthiopianfriendoncetoldmeasayingthatgoessomething Whentwo elephantsfight itisthegrassunderneaththeirfeetthatsuffers Myfriend swordsspring tomymindwhenconsideringpastandpresent struggles intheZuluheartlandofkwaZulu Natal Black rural areas kwaZulu Natal among poorest South Africa blacksbarelysurviveon subsistencefarming Yet asoflateNovember thekwaZulu Natal provincial government reportedly twice months And meetings Inkatha andANCmembers fought whether provincial capital should Ulundi Pietermaritzburg AndwhataboutviolenceinkwaZulu Natal OnDec ReuterNewsServicereported leastthreepeoplewer ebadlyhurt whenamanarmedwithanAK rifleopened commuter train passed railway station outskirts ofDurban The attackwasveryneartowhereKingZwelithiniwassupposedtoaddressapeace rally It seems there still scores settle political otherwise kwaZulu Natal And unfortunately maytake years people wrongs committed against avenged Andthen there political going between InkathaFreedom Party theANC withtheKingastheprize SouthAfricaBroadcastCorporationreportedon Dec 15thatsome300chiefsinkwaZulu Natal amongthemHomeAffairsMinister Buthelezi gathered atUlundiforanaudiencewiththeKing ButtheKingreportedlywas inbed Thenextday chiefsblamedPresidentMandelaforcausingturmoil inthe royal house King Zwelithini compared fight preserve Zulu interests kwaZulu Natal battles warrior ancestors fought against British But maybe ofthe warrior image looking every situation pitched battle Maybe construct anewZulu image thenew South Africa One ofmyfriends Oxford happens Zulu But about means Zulu Hethrows Aah people think Zulus violent walking around spears AK Hehates about warriors battles fighting And nothing about Buthelezi Myfriend ajournalistwithawifeandyoungdaughter toldmethat earlierthisyearhe wroteacolumninwhichhe saidhebelieshisKingshould stayoutofpolitics neutral Whenthe column appeared editor received early morning telephone Weknowwherethetwoofyou callerwarned Myfriend saidheand editorjustlooked ateach other That sabout alltheycoulddo Onegrayrainydaywhile sitting inRhodesHouseLibraryreading TheWashingofthe Spears Iranacrossasurnameidenticaltomyfriend Thesectiondealtwitha1906 prising staged petty Natal Kaffir chieftain refused imposed unmarried natives The chief joined followers ambushed police patrol killing Europeans As might expected virtually warriors werekilled ItwasthelastZulurising wroteauthorDonaldG Morris As itturnsout myfriendisagreatgrandsonofthatchief Yet hedoesn tknowmuchof anything about other fought British something dowithtaxes Theironyforme isthatmyfriendhasarich history ofwhichheknows little By contrast myhistory largely mystery I veencouragedmyfriendtowritehismemoirs Though sayoungmanof26 Three weeksago hehandedmehis firstfewpages whichrecountadayfromhischildhood I share passages On thisparticulardaywhentherewasnothinginthehouse Iwentoutasusualto thebus tomeettheunknown SomehowIalwaysbelievedthatonedaysomeonewould comeandrescueusfromourtroubles Thebusrepresented contactwiththeoutside worldandfueledmyhopesforsalvationfrom theoutside Iboardedthebusjustbefore laststop Wealwaysstruggledwithpeoplewhowere gettingouttryingtogetinfirst Usually thiswasmetwithbackhandsonthefaceand wasnotverynice Butwe stillstruggledwiththeman 1gotineventually 7efirst thingwas start looking busfor leftoverfoodthatpeoplehadin butcouM notfinishforhateverreason Ilookedontheseatsandtherewasnothingleftover Likeahugestonebeingplacedon heavywithdisappointmentwastheresult iftherewasnothing When1started lookingunderneathIsawwhatIcould atthattime onlydescribeasamiracle onebig potato Onebigpotatowhenthere isnothinginthehousewasamiracle QuicklyIhidmy potato andstartedwalkingquiteproudlytowardshome After Ihadapotatoand thismeantadifference between starvingandeating Peter youmaywonderwhyI vechosentoconcludemyfirstnewsletterwithanother person swords Well I vedonesofortworeasons Tome myfriend storysaysmore abouttheurgentneedsinkwaZulu Nat althanmostofthenewspaper articles books magazines broadcast texts I examined Mysecondreason Whilemychildhoodexperienceswerevastlydifferentfrommy friend I found ironic respective histories converge Hehas potato story asyoumayrecallfromtheautobiographicalsketchthat Isubmittedforthis fellowship I Best regards Sharon F Griffin ZIBABWE J BOTSWANA Pietersburg PRETORIA WIATERSND VEREIGING I NAIBIA Preori NORTH JohannesbUrg WEST KWAZULUI FREE NATAL ONGE upnon NORTHERN LEOTH F Eas London INDIA WESTERN Cape Town CAPE A SOUTH AFRICA TODAY Map Credit Shaka sChildren AHistory oftheZuluPeoplebyStephenTaylor Newspapers Periodicals The Daily Telegraph London The Guardian London ReuterNews Service The Independent London The Economist London TheBBCMonitoring Service Africa Africa Confidential The Journal ofSouthern Afi Studies Afi AcaWorldReview The Journal ofAfrican History Published Sources Cope Nicholas To Bind Nation Solomon kaDinzuiu Zulu Nationalism Fredrickson George M White Supremacy AComparative Study America South Mare GerhardandGeorginaHamilton AnAppetiteforPower Buthelezi sInkathaand South Africa Mare Gerhard Ethnicity Politics South Africa Morris DonaldP TheWashingofthe Spears Smith Jack Shepard Buthelezi The Biography Taylor Stephen Shaka sChildren AHistoryoftheZuluPeople 1Muthien Yvonne Khsa Meshack KwaZulu Natal Political Violence Electoral Fraud Land Deal Africa World News November April 2Bosch Marius Old Feuds Continue South Africa Zulu Heartland Reuter News Service Jun South Africa King Goodwill Messy DivOrce Africa Confidential Oct 4Carlin John Medieval Feud Zulu King Court The Independent London Sept 5Smith Jack Shepard Buthelezi The Biography South Africa 6Carlin John Zulu King FreeAom Alarms Buthelezi The Independent London May