© 2007 Institute of Current World Affairs
The Institute awards long-term fellowships to develop a deep understanding of an issue, country, or region outside the US and to share that understanding with a wider public.
Institute of Current World Affairs - Home Page

Below is a hobbled text version of a PDF document.
In order to read the actual document please click the link below and register if necessary.
(One-time registration is free and very quick.)
Read article

9/10/1960 - Northern Rhodesia: Nkumbula vs. Kaunda by Smith Hempstone Jr.

NOT FOR PUBLICATION INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS SH Nerthern Rhodesia September alindi Kenya Nkumbula Kaunda Richard H Nolte Institute Current Werld Affairs adisen Avenue New Yerk N Y Dear Nolte In Harry Nkumbula Kenneth Kaunda Jeff running militant African National Congress Nkumbula president Kaunda secretary general Now enemies Kaunda United Natienal Independence Party successor banned Zambia Congress ferce reckoned Nkumbula years regarded Nerthern Rhodesian whites enthusiasm other conservative Britons reserve Colonel Nasser member Legislative Council considered quite Everybody kicking himself coming terms because Kaunda party making ANC collection Blimps Handseme Kenneth Kaunda Church Scotland parson feunded Lubwa mission north Northern Rhodesia Kenneth strict Presbyterian bring received grammar school education father mission taught there years After leaving mission worked shopkeeper Tanganyika Southern Rhodesia where Salisbury brand apartheid first pelitical brain later social worker teacher Northern Rhodesian Copperbelt When father Kaunda The formed local branch ANC delegate party meeting where Nkumbula immediately liking The following became organizing secretary named secretary general which elected Altheugh Nkumbuia Kaunda bouncing areund country green Ferd built ANC nothin members branches seven years their characters personalities sharp variance Nkumbula whose father rancher cattle country eastern Northern Rhodesia easier Kaunda He attended schools picked ethodists teacher training school After years teaching scholarship akerere Cellege Uganda there University London government scholarship study education grant which extended permit study London School Economics years He active African nationalist circles during London according Harry could teaching government school returned Northern Rhodesia He refused government inter preter south He wandered around ozambique ladagascar Mauritius Seuth Africa several years porting himself peddling shells pearls Nkumbula 1940s founded became president Arican National Congress Nkumbula residence London education tramping combined taste things flexible intellect certain cynicism He never bottle fondness capacity ladies divorcee three children legendary Northern Rhodesia In short Nkumbula intelligent vivant lacking compelling drive black Khayyam Kaunda contrast inclined toward fanaticism idealism He devoted family count something ascetic In times stress known retire weeks roots berries He neither smokes Nkumbula chain smokes filter drinks vegetarian Kaunda intelli lacking education having chance travel visited England U S tends somewhat restricted outlook In contrast Nkumbula hardest social economic necks Northern Rhodesia million Africans seems willing adopt gradualist political position Kaunda concentrates political adamant questions universal franchise complete immedi independence Northern Rhodesia With difference personalities interests inevitable should follow different paths In Kaunda broke ANC taking branches members neglected oppor tunities afforded through posts organizing secretary secretary general build prestige expense Nkumbula Zambia National Congress ZNC immediately violent It boycotted territorial elections Nkumbula representa either elected launched campaign arson murder force other Africans behind ZNC One African woman burned death after being doused gasoline aflame Five other Africans burned single period ZNP oalled boycott Of municipal mining company halls violence followed Said Kaunda Africans treated showed teeth escow trained unukayumbwa Sipalo secretary general shouting African legged thing whose white hated Gevernor Sir Evelyn Hone moved quickly banned ZNP slapped Kaunda Sipalo incitement Kaunda inside before sedition Nkumbula While Kaunda Sipalo doing their another fermer lieutenants Simon Kapepwe organization called United National Independence Party running smeothly Kaunda release January In anticipation treuble Sir Evelyn rammed through public security giving himself authority control press prohibit meetings commandeer labor supplies agitaters without trial Faced these fermidable weapons UNIP violence abated degree although clearly showed white preventing Africans testifying before enckton Commission which reporting further Constitutional advance Federation Rhodesia Nyasaland which Kaunda Nkumbula would secede jostling visiting British Prime inister Harold acmillan demonstrating vigoreusly Lusaka airport whenever Colonial Secretary Iain acleed appearance stening African Christians attending Billy Graham meetings Although Kaunda repeatedly pledged himself party vielence situation worsened spring A series nasty incidents mostly involving Africans culminat fatal burning white woman Lilian Burton Burton accompanied small daughters driving outside Ndola UNIP whose meeting broken police organizers permit stoned forcing doused gasoline aflame The girls escaped minor injuries This incident which enraged white settlers roundly condemned Nkumbula Sir Evelyn UNIP Western Province Cepperbelt invoke emergency pewers There doubt whatever present state affairs brought abeut stems defiant attitude UNIP Kaunda U S condemned violence somewhat equivocal fashion Kaunda Rhodesia stopped Colonial Secretary previous visit acleod something London Kenneth Kaunda announced publicly invited London constitutional talks mised supporters government October Nacleod according British press reperts Kaunda quite clearly there chance whatsoever constitution which effect little being altered emphasized UNIP statements contrary could result bitterness disillusionment Although acleod implied UNIP would represented status federation reviewed either early Kaunda relatively empty handed What happens UNIP better worse speaks great majority vocal Northern Rhodesian African political opinion Nkumbula influence reduced province sporting activities demand increasing proportion energies About ANC chief could reassert national leadership through ccurance disaster completely discrediting UIP To explicit Nkumbula could something similar which would involve destruc UNIP Eaunda incarceration break Northern Rhodesia Kaunda despite fanaticism likely encourage intelligent informed ebservers believe sincerely opposed violence UNIP Africans Kaunda lieutenants include rather Serious trouble store Nerthern Rhodesia before Sincerely Received New York September