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4/10/1957 - Uncle Sam and Prester John by Smith Hempstone Jr.

NOT FOR PUBLICATION INSTITUTE OF CURRENT VrORLD AFFAIRS SH Uncle Sam Prester John April Addis Ababa Walter S Rogers Institute Current World Affairs Ethiopia mailed Nairobi Fifth Avenue New York New York Dear Mr Rogers American Ethiopia which totalled million pretty confined major spheres military assistance education public health agriculture About these funds devoted military sistance In million devoted agriculture million public health million education The military program which I oppor tunity study detail includes training troops tactics administration gradual change mixed currently standard U S types I better informed military A program American action Ethiopia since Its present staff numbers Americans In field agriculture perhaps first factor remembered estimated population illiterate agricultural practices century vintage On ledger Ethiopia blessed exceedingly fertile particularly Shoan plateau there little population pressure Technicians International Coopera Administration successors TCA Marshall Plan SA FOA attacked problem improving agriculture Ethiopia lines The first these program agricultural education The first opening agricultural school Jimma grounds Catholic mission The first class graduated Eighteen students graduated graduate June J A AGPICULTURL SCHOOL Needed dirty fingernsi So Our visit Jimma school which covers years school college mentioned SH The school students between staff mericans hired through Oklahoma A Te curricul generally follows agricultural school deviations local problems The after graduated provinces spread knowledge among farmers One problems Director Hugh F Rouck these their hands Historically educated Ethiopian considers beneath under fingernails Experiments successful working coffee cattle poultry vegetables Cotton culture while successful other areas Ethiopia Jimma For explains Rouck sleep under sheet It Jimma To complement Jimma school Imperial College Agriculture echanical Arts staffed Americans opened Alomaya Harar November The school assess value Eighty students attend college supplement their academic practical during vacations experimental Bishoftu Addis Ababa The second approach followed ICA technicians involves direct farmers their farms increase S DAO RET PER CENT OF OREIGN EXCHanGE ONE PER CENT OF UDGET quality quantity yields This takes introducing tools standard farming short handled wooden digging stick sometimes tipped given handled Ethiopians still squat breaking manner holding blade while disease control among stock demonstrations results cress breeding stock poultry small processing coffee cleaning units Although coffee Ethiopia important major source foreign rency prlmative unsanitary ethods processing coffee quality inferior South American coffee price downon world market Economists estimate Jimma alamo coffee could cleaned these income could increased _million That substance American Ethiopian It revealing despite productivity agrictural worker production relation potential production modern marketing system tenure syetem conducive efficient agriculture foreign exchange Ethiopia earned export agricultural products primarily coffee hides skins other animal products It revealing thatds alloted inistry Agriculture Imperial government amount national budget Turning public America century according Dr A C Curtis ICA Public Health Advisory Service The Ethiopian interested refinements mental health birth control delicate surgery The present health problems according Dr Curtis consist largely communicable diseases stemming ignorance sanitation unhygenic customs The hurdles solving these problems involve money personnel service facilities About Ethiopian national budget appropriated health This budget changed mrecia years despite rising national The personnel perhaps serious single factor national health problem Until there single Ethlepian physician Today there All practice Addis Ababa To supplement these there about lOfereignphysicians practicing Ethiopia capital For Ethiopian John Doe country there doctor every people Some alleviation afforded Ethiopian graduate nurses several hundred dressers various assorted skills people I1 comments Dr Curtis IIgo first local hakim witch doctor He doses dredges otherwSepoisons burns offending spirit their money until penniless patient walks carried nearest hospital There other factors aside money trained personnel facilities which public health problem ticularly difficult Ethiopia These include terrain which often limits doctor rounds range someti literacy about Per nflmber languages dialects spoken about which health education difficult facilities retailing simple remedies stores tenure system which creates large impermanent nomadic population limited water supply sanitary facilities Working theory majority country health problems alleviated training doctor Ethiopia afford neither money training necessary ICA health officers often coordination other organizations sought create something called auxiliary health worker Th training workers touched SH IO handled Public Health College Training Center Gondar The Ethiopi govern supplies money buildingS World Health Organization contributes personnel United Nations Children Fund gives supplies equipment ICA kicks personnel supplies equipent money The school nationalities represented staff Sudan Eth iopia Persia Denmark India West Germany New Zealand Scotland Peru United States The scheol turns health officers three years community nurses sanitarians Health officers trained administration preventive curative medicine Community nurse training revolves primarily around medicine child Sanitarians trained matters relating hygene In addition these three types trainees center limited program training dressers ICA suggested inistry Health approved creation dressers school Addis Ababa sometime Other projects aimed licking health problem clude Itegue School Nursing Asmara which intended furnish nurses fairly versed preventive medicine after course DembiaWereda Health There about hospitals Ethiopia totalbed capacity about Taking Ethiopia population million estimates range between million there never census means hospital every people Center first community health center Ethiopia Kolladuba Ten centers slated struction The better health Ethiop These eginnings The American technicians working improve Ethiopian educational niques tools great advan those dealing fields agriculture public health education project Emperor Haile Selassie inister Education allots annual budget cause It appreciated there ETHIOPIAN DOCTOR virtually formal education masses Ethiopia before Haile First Hakimo Selassie advent throne Such educational facilities early years power junked during Italian occupation According Dr E T Little Oklahoma chief ICA education group greatest problem facing Ethiopian education today teacher shortage The problem resolves itself training teachers keeping teachers profession drawing former teachers profession The problem U S largely economic teacher Can money working clerk teaching Another impor factor trained teachers actually holds everye attends secondary school A S consider Addis Ababa saloons cinemas hSoyplace worth living resul while provinces dsperately short teachers trained irrelevant The situation improved somewhat there people enrolled teacher train TEACHER TRAINEE institutions today there graduates The charms stitutions increased V5 during period On darker picture Dr Little estimates quire production teachers present increased number needed He optimistic Another preSsing problem production distribu books When U S technicians began problem there practically materials written A_haric first grades Since majority Ethiopians probably years progres beyond fourth grade rther appalling ustion To U S assisted production copies books copies three teachers manuals Several others advanced stages uction Two magazines school children teachers being published distributed regularly These three incipal military fields which Uncle Sam helping Prester John Others include Water Resources study Blue Nile watershed construction drill Ogaden discontinued temporarily Somalis shooting hydrological studies curtailed because Ethiopian government failure across financing Eritrean Development drilling trade school Asmara offering courses science English forging mechanics mechanical drawing working carpentry enroll_ent graduates three program Itegue Nursing School Commerce Industry deserves airing In inistry Commerce Industry reested assistance provide service existing industries encourage investment domestic foreign capital Six specialists headed artin H Fuller library taining several hundred voles established These specialists according Nr Fuller hampered their activity liaison existed exists between inistry industry requests required originate through inistry Not accomplished In Ninistry decided longer interested commercial industrial development service In words The attitude Ninistry showed clearly Nission foreign investment would energetically Of students enrolled first grade dropped school thanhalf students secondary schools dropped during Critics school curricula difficult children educational trsdit behind although there economic factors received based reality The investment climate maintained Ethiopia itself spotty foreign investmento Nr Fuller other industrial commercial specialists since Ethiopia About remaining memorial their efforts Her Imperial Iajesty Handicraft School Addis Ababa This created teach young people crafts weaving dying carving working other crafts students would return their villages teach others It worked The students stayed hired workers Handicraft School retail where twice adopted almost wholly commercial position ICA support withdrawn RUG AKING AND SHA A WEAVING AT THE HANDICRAFT SCHOOL The students stayed Public Administration studies Of various govern ministries reorganization Shoan Electric Light Power Co training courses government officials sending abroad tudents study public administration apping Geography Institute training Ethiopian cartographers writing geography texts schools publi cation As Uncle Sam finger The important these aside military assis tance agriculture public health education It should remembered Ethiopian government spends annual budget these crucial fields which education alone It should remembered according American technicians Ethiopia expressed itself interested attracting foreign capital which would widen provide funds which should presumably enable American contribution It would reasonable there should Ethiopians fingers before increase U S assistance contemplated Sincerely Smith Hem Received New York