© 2007 Institute of Current World Affairs
The Institute awards long-term fellowships to develop a deep understanding of an issue, country, or region outside the US and to share that understanding with a wider public.
Institute of Current World Affairs - Home Page

Below is a hobbled text version of a PDF document.
In order to read the actual document please click the link below and register if necessary.
(One-time registration is free and very quick.)
Read article

2/15/1958 - Politics in the Black North by Smith Hempstone Jr.

NOT FOR PUBLICATION INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS S Politics Black North February Lusaka Northern Rhodesia Walter S Rogers Institute Current World Affairs Fifth Avenue New York N Y Dear Rogers Northern Rhodesia political extremists The ratio whites blacks tells story Southern Rhodesia twelve Northern Rhodesia thirty Nyasaland It possible moderates survive Southern Rhodesia because relatively large proportion whites gives Europeans limited sense security makes Africans realize Europeans there In Nyasaland white population minute degree constituted mostly government officials mission aries Europeans there admit black country Africans realize little their white neighbors This course refers relationship within Nyasaland borders In Northern Rhodesia there enough whites European element staying control permanently enough Africans million black nationalists hopes getting British Labor Party support development country either black country least basis parity between races There course moderate races Northern Rho desia But either government servants solitary wanderers political wilderness The plaudits calls reserved tremists Their Black North African extremist elements Harry Nkumbula frizzy haired Congress president assistant Kenneth Kaunda Nkumbula bears physi resemblance ienya Jomo EXTRENISTS NKIBKBULA AND KAUNDA Kenyatta After minutes impression We generous ntelligent bitter He seldom smiles sinister about Nkumbula relatively cattle cbuntry eastern Northern Rhodesia He father rancher which means owned anything twenty cattle Young Harry attended schools until Methodists picked teacher training school With school education under Nkumbula taught years scholarship Nakerere College Uganda akerere accredited university college Nkumbula government scholarship study education University London managed extension grant studied London School Economics years before scholarship withdrawn The Government I wouldn Harry explains Nkumbula missed Kenyatta couple years Kenya nationalist circle friends London His scholarship withdrawn Harry returned Rhodesia tried I qualified teacher wouldn permit teach They offered translator I turned Rhodesia again This Nkumbula headed south He wandered around South Africa ozambique Nadagascar Nauritius earned living doing selling shells pearls Those recalls I missed country Finally Harry again politics In elected president Northern Rhodesian African National Congress Nkumbula found assistant handsome idealistic Kenneth Kaunda Kaunda African Church Scotland parson Nyasaland His father founded Lubwa mission north Northern Rhodesia Kaunda brought God fearing Presbyterian received grammar school education father mission taught there worker years Young Kenneth mission travelled through Tanganyika Southern Rhodesia working usually small keeper In Southern Rhodesia recounts I against apartheid first I decided I going something people Kaunda Copperbelt first social worker Chingola teacher Mufilira His father His bitterness decreased mission allowed mother pension after father death That Kaunda founded Congress branch Lusaka delegate Congress meeting There president Harry Nkumbula Kaunda swiftly after named organizing secretary following became general secretary second party He elected He refused passport England protest against federation later attend leftish congress Delhi In however allowed England Divorcee Nkumbula three children family Kaunda effective seven years built Congress almost nothing members branches In single month period Nkumbula sometimes Kaunda sometimes alone bounced miles Northern Rhodesia roads tracks green Ford Consul drums One One Vote Strong leadership African moderate union leaders coupled owners wouldn Con gress leaders their compounds Nkumbula taking leadership Copperbelt unions But boasts heavy strength rural areas claims Northern Rhodesia African miners Congress members sympathizers Nkumbula chainsmokes filter tipped Life cigarettes boxes fifty become sufficiently troublesome Southern Rhodesia areas North He trouble getting passport police permission speak public Six lieutenants Copperbelt recently rusticated Nkumbula Kaunda conspiracy possession seditious literature Nkumbula claims stuff England America without knowledge request Harry C I D secret police tried office African housing section Lusaka opening Nkumbula Congress unalterably opposed federa three central African territories Partnership claims phrase hoodwink outside world What Kaunda development multi racial society We political advancement broad African majority Legislative Council The Europeans nothing because generous would willing allow reserv seats Europeans during transition period Ultimately universal franchise government probably Of course broke Nkumbula other grievances The first these color We fought racial discrimination public places mines extending fight private shops hotels Welensky nothing means African Africans fought democracy business World War II government Italians former fascists which Africans could trained We money African education The govern spends almost police repress African native education They sabotage African legitimate desire government fearing retaliate treat Europeans treated They suffer disease supremacy Racial tension Northern Rhodesia bitterness exists Copperbelt which might confused Communism But Cornists The Congresss condemned Russian action Hungary ritish imperialism Suez Communism meaning Africans beyond vague under standing Russia means under privileged peoples I achieve goals violence Our charter specifically forbids violence disciplined members taking violent action shall What greatly ritish Labor Welensky Rhodesias dominion status exchange letting Nyasaland leave ederation We Northern Rhodesia legitimate rights At other political spectrum jowly John Gaunt Fifty Portsmouth John Gaunt South Arica sheep three years worked mines Northern Rhode cadet administrator Gaunt whose father commanded Ninth Division battle Jutland years district oicer provincial administrator various sections Northern Rhodesia Upon retirement became retary National Native Labor Board years later named Lusaka Director Native Afairs Gaunt lives chicken twelve miles outside Lusaka grown children Two business Dar Salaam another pilot Royal Rhodesian Air daughter married colonial administrator The pound politician inveter joiner founder member organizations Northern Rhodesia He entered political EXTREMIST GAUNT unsuccessfully contested first Federal Parliament The K realist following elected Northern Rh0desian Legislative Council lidland district Gaunt Dominion Party circles became president Northern Rhodesia division resigned following after sonal fighting other party leaders Although pendent Gaunt still subscribes political beliefs Afrikaaner influenced Dominion Party This John Gaunt stands I Colonial Office control possible I realist I believe stating political facts The Federal Party feels I haven They things behind scenes favor Europeans I think honest white black The African looks partnership equality today supremacy tomorrow The Europeans permanent senior partner Both groups whole I think share Black black white white anyone anything talking poppycock S multi racialism Iaybe I propose democratic after democracy worked places world Is there democracy Portugal Ha Civilization necessarily equivalent democracy The biggest damned world better governed poorly yourself governed other people What African needs peace government economic opportunity I lived among twenty years I better these drawing liberals England fortnight This I would I split Northern Rhodesia three native protectorates Barotseland Bembaland Ngoniland white running along railroad through Copperbelt There legislative councils embers three black legcos would African members white legco would European although I allow detribalized Africans common Europeans All these provincial legislative councils would delegates central assembly which transition stage would white majority The three African protectorates would under condominium agree between Colonial Office Federal Government In economic affairs I believe there justifi cation color At I prepared European labor undercut people lower standard living But thing comes slowly I willing Nyasaland leave Federation Nyasaland after black state If black ernment TheoY still coming And Harry Nkumbula African National Congress I think should banned I intend session Legco That where I stand There people stature Northern Rhodesia tween Nkumbula generous black nationalis Gat apartheid smile Both sides course their grievances though there substance African Even middle Africans S H Chileshe member Legislative Council subscribe large extent Congress policy Chileshe studied London University years after career school teacher government trans lator represented African viewpoint Colonial Office talks responsible government ethodist Chileshe Legco since family eldest daughter studying narse He thoroughly person member multi racial virtually powerless Constitution Party Even Chileshe believes Federation ability races together believes eventual universal franchise common He doubts about sincerity Federal prime minister Sir Roy Welensky But Chileshe Congress leader himself organization coming under control extremists appreciates peace rogress depend presence Europeans He wants continued Colonial Office control specter racialism abroad His evaluation political future A moderate chance But I I I I believe right I called European stooge threatened In Congress associates whites traitor I cannot accept because I believe there races There still injustices black these remedied But extremism This anxiety Government doing broaden political rights Africans It deplores industrial color Copperbelt feels problem solved negotiation between unions managements Humphrey Jones Northern Rhodesia Administrative Secretary We would unwise legislate which basically social nature There whites believe partnership We But there larger believe We slowly extremists The basic difficulty moderates races Northern Rhodesia unable translate political power The colony desperately needs create political center temperthe actions white black extremists SH The specter racialism still abroad north Zambezi Sincerly Received New York