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3/27/1980 - Better Stoves and Forests in Indonesia (II) by William E. Knowland

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT WRITER S CONSENT INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS Lorong Bet Stoves Fores Indonesi IX Pe aliag Jay Selangor Mrch Peter B Martin Executive Director Institute Current World Affairs heelock House Yest heelock Stree H nover New Hampshire USA Dear Mr Marin Even though Indonesia OPEC member rapidly developing considerable reserves petroleum natural daily demands country cooking stoves still firewood Indonesia leading source And though Indonesia world largest producers timber kitchen stoves remain point consumption three quarters Indonesians In newsletter I reported observations Indonesians great variety burning stoves their cooking likely contAnue doing foreseeable future environment economy But I mentioned traditional Indonesian woodstoves inefficient wasting presently This inefficient usage common trait cooking stoves throughout third world Consequently Firewood Folks particularly interested aspect firewood Simple ional designs might double stoves efficiency This would equivalent instant permanent doubling supplies firewood Indeed would better since household expenditures either labor firewood could slashed More efficient fuels implies cleanly smoke irritate eyesdrespiratory systems doing cookln modern ranges found American European kitchens convey percent content their cooking process fires traditional voodstoves Indonesians probably deliver percent content Indonesian charcoal stoves somewhat better process makAng charcoal original energy already It might people would naturally tinkered stoves until designs quite efficient After humans discovered housands years there seems little gathering chopping firewood absolutely especially daily lifelong chore But I might Those development planners energy specialists foresters interested fireFood_us dubbed I bYoNO rvegi geographer Hammer Digernbs duringnetvsoasnngonAas sprng Eighteenth Cenur A D Benmmin Yxanklim patented enclosed stove within three Americans become convinced enclosed stoves effective efficient keepfn winter P problem obviously fires stoves often esthetic other functions seldom ringror Often there const kinds mater constructin stoves If someone design stove hearth axaum efficiency physc cterists requirements coabuste Th Swiss consultant Hns Siner examnn possibilities iaproin firewood cookn stoes Indones Bec content constituents bursa psrtelyquckly flame requires little oxygen Sne suggeste thtaa_efcent stove design should incorporate least follown elements closed rthvith Jntake combustion Youyrecall Ind onesi stoves described pictured WEK totll3v without flues chimneys No yonder inefficient exminn riety traditional Indonesian 4esigns Snger eloped seres odels thought would still ppreprte peculrites Indonesian cooking included three fuzes dentifedo Perh unsurprisinly these tures conservin soves burners cookn holes which snugly round lthouh Sner doesn explicitly menton seens stoves constructed Vheher rlier Indian conservn desins I Tody Snterestin effectve effort ncorporte these conservin features trditional designs Loren stove The Loren stoves deelope An Gu temla several They effort foren volunteers local develop workers The dstnushing feature mixture hence 3panish On Lorens ppers squrish version Sine stove sltheuh Inot developers stove previous models At Vorld Poresry Congress October I pleassntly surprised notice Loren constructed demonstration outside Congress eeting During break between speeches I outto I lready completed A young hnerican several Indonesas suslly preparing Indonesian sncks offern nterested pssers It dscusson I spoke briefly American Don Flckner learned recenl begun vorkin Indonesian D_n Des__ Light V stoes would ccepted comnuntes Yogakrt I greed I should I returned onsration stove during Congress following Din Des lredy Unfortun demonstration shovu couple poenti severe crcks Don vsrned stove beenbuilt quickly rushed demonstration iving several properly Snce unlikely cooking sgsin unfortunate thing stove stood imperfect model mutely unsble explain itself obvious defects ditions Congress ttendees might examine Durin return Indones summer I Lorena stoves Dan Desa ntroduced Yoak I village Lomboko Lombok island Bali I there friends John Arnold Djoko Ssnoso HdA John envronment nKement consultant Djoko student Pajajaran Universit Bandg TogethervPaul eatherly envroental consultsnt U S terntonsl Development YEK dozen other Indonesians working series village energy surveys earlier summer VEK again Djoko survey East returnJ4 gather additional information YEK I forthcoming Iut heard there someone island making Lorena8 Since John could rushed through round scheduled appoint ments hosts guides Indonesian rural electrification authority village where Loren supposed Ye arrayed quiet almost deserted looking cluster houses which still under construction apparently demonstration practice stove It sitting partially pieCed brick building dexcept covered roofing tiles drying obVouslyvasn Carved stove words T withthedate April1979 below Presably first first orenas built Lombok Just I beginning wonder there village joined invited visit tunku orena Lorena stoves Ye reboarded again barked separate neighborhood But place alive As usually happens foreign visitors arrive Indonesian village immediately surround large flock children So their parents pproached behind everybody proceeded masse stove actually pross working stereo Up until sawhm tukan handful stoves except making vllag There apparently difficulty obbanng proper I recall carried distance The tukane stove underway tools trade The metal sheet above right daper control burning The spoons trowel hollow firebox holes dflues drying Notice holes designed specific John Arnold friends Lombok During break spiel Doko pushed through asked questions I close enough catch conver Djo busily notes began kinds interesting But finally Djoko muttering nforaation exple saying stews popular Yogjarta Would inspA provincial Lombokis In event seems there ombokis interest rAsed display I But8i someone followed through equate training coses support Nov I anxious Diaa Dean itself learn thngs going stoves The opportunity doing several weeks later Paul therly I visited Central Java Antervew burning industries Jlaten region Ye found Dian Des office quiet residential outskirts Yogi It roothe corner processing factory large hyaulicrdportions ferroceaent sitting front signs appropriate tecolo cener could neighborhood It eight morning person around housekeeper custodian rather researeh staff member Nevertheless seemed ovledgeable about going KK brief Ve learned Don Flckinger appointment return afternoon hopes meeting Anion Sudjarwo charge As Paul remarked antor C aable ofexplainingwhatgoesontovmtors dthathewouldte ntatve appointment specfc allymnganoteofourinterests suggestedaremblynonaveme herarc orgzaton It certaXnly studs contrast authority tecolo development center ISvevstedn Indonesia dmaypartly explainDian Desa hffhdegree nteraeton rapport vllagers Yhen returned almost normal Indonemian office hours Several people still thereahovever including Aknton Perhaps early thArtAes engineer traAning Someere along decded versity training toward villages dwhale hedovnplham clear Dian Dema largely reflection efforts He going maerdwe caslly drifted office Basic pleasantries exchanged IndonemA mostly shifted English Ye touched their other projects which largely center water supply But Paul I course curious about Lorena stoves At silifyng conversation sarized statement Z asked about prospects ntroducng stoves I would enthusiastic I cautious They using basic Lorena small classes workshops 11agem which already contacts Over period several participant class actually constructs stove It hoped people useful their their neighbors become nterestedo If someone decdes begin producing stoves other people t__ukan_ Lombok better In vllage areas which working Yoga perhaps constructed Anion estimated perhaps those Sn daily bnile meager ratio acceptance ndXcates adoption stoves modestly enouragng accepted people suggests fllng perceived suitable eventually adopted peeple Of those stoves constructed longer problems clear Frst Lombok there sometAmes dfficultes obtaining proper consistency Therefore stoves suffered cracks Bu cracks relatively important people basic design acceptable The problem important purpose Anion frequently problem stoves mzsutble cooking ckfrui Arocrn fruit ckfruit needed first The official working Indonesia usually starts earlier earlier America sinuses maintained several hours while ckfrut siers The Loren simply holds temperature remains Paul asked found stoves actually conserve regular stoves reportsfrom class theyh measurements Paul expressed surprise since would someone goodmeased comparison shrugged At suggelted welcome villagedconductsu experiment ourselves Hthere might But implicatAoa people should perceive savings their without havng resort abstract suasion I asked specifically An thought additional money perhaps revolving credit facilitate purchase materials soves famili other contributions outside donor agencies might helpful their efforts He firmly negative response The stove itself dollars doesn barrier people enough already He could usefully absorb additional outside assistance although would certainly cooperate anyone working parallel lines But seemed clearly dissatisfied their progress stoves We discussed people spend large portions their significant shares their income uninterested using efficiently We suled around topic awhile conclusive thoughts Anton suggesting another months perhaps would discovered successful strategy Perhaps optimistic undiscouraged continue Back mulling heard tried articulate frustration Des apparent reluctance measurements A reasonably careful comparison Lores traditional stove village would hours wouldn diversion other efforts He concerned iples faith people understand rational argument I added An simply refusing principle become nvolved An scientific aination technology As disturbing because rejectAng rational measurement favor intuition doing further capability indigenously generated technolog change Then agreed Anion basically right least practical purposes reduced consumption stove obvious people perceive ienaediately directly graphs testimonials world unlikely convincethem Lest potential funder misinterpret emphasizes Di Desa effective grass roots appropriate technology group I Indonesia They deserve It months since visit there situation change rapidly effective reouires additional support A expectthey unrestricted funds But I I believe Anten concern about channeling_more funds progra organization because signs success Ithinkit irtosthatwebothfeltthattheiaDes It frustrating seems onlythingworng infct itiseonlythingeen being tried After kilometers contemplative silence Paul suddeniy suggested aiming wrong people Perhaps introduce stove successfully people perceive their interest money people slrey proressie econo I concurred unched unsubstsntisted theory place development sssitance gencies trying introduce energy devices organized urban markets perhaps upper iddle income lsses defies recent U policy which focusses poorest rural seems promising means successfully intoduing evices improved stoves solar water heaters I suppose there goals traded either trying significant impsct developing country energy trying redress growing disparity between poorest seciety You undoubtedly wonderin about conservin stoves designed Indonesia Hans 3iner I wonder As onsultan C three courses which theory practical applications improved stove designs explained demonstrated Some persons organizations attended includin members overnment aencies women organizations press report concluded Indonesian government produce written pamphlet improved stoves slides could shown inally report concluded mlvis stoves should built quickly possible schools domestic science clearly ensure their diffusion Tody people asked about Indonesi usually report perhaps Ive knows C report When I Indonesi December government ministries environment public meetinK Indonesi Perh Sinern recommendations resurrected It seems timely urgent ibout srro4 monKst revood Folks least shin8ton A preliminary report Pese Corps Volunteer Yest Afrs concluded dtonsl people cuslly efficient mproyed Stoyes being tested there Steres before rocon obsozions oxplsin results lillE In Indonesi ugust John Arnold lysnK their village syeys oonfoded correlation pprent cooknK effcienoe8 between households Not onlyddhisospeciallymesed ofhestn efficiencyfl toibe reported conston housoldn sueysj households themselves sried widely their relative conspton Consption ppesred slightly cetsnly relsed income other fctor uKust John asked several students conducted surveys KoinK national holiday rough consption theiromothers kitchens Se enouKh considerable John conditions easily toted tests pattern clearly emerged In household themesedutty woodw8 stove placed mother turned other chores returninK cooked In nother household checked proKress couple times durinK cookin third sster cooknK tended continuouslyrejusting position wooderthep Unsurprisingly refully tended stove efficient untended stove A consultation other interviewer8 confirmed least plausible yrnce oriinl surveys I suppose intuitive conclusion people stoves inefficient Certainly there should little surprise consis bzanche8 their pointed toKether sittnK midst flames I believe common West Africa fairly efficient especially removed doused cookin Zet intrSguinK Indonesi survey still unexplained correlation between income carefulness cookinKo eeminl relativel7 dearer firewood poorer family would stron incentive carefully But least preliminary review three Indonesi reions covered We therl Arnold Co surveys doesnOt The likely economic explanation people perceive firewood enough warrant conservation But And I hesitate presume Indonesian peasants compelled bound Western theories rational econom behavior At I teasing John Paul their major recommendations AID launch program teach Indonesian villagers refully Julia Child series national television WK Some notes In these letters EK I tried concen their effect firewood But I clear focus enton should include whole Eitchen entire cooking process This includes stove EverythinE closely related For example there supply people deote boling drinkinE regrettably people where needed lthouEh since education sanit standards spreading fster purification systems expected incre Similarly points Siner stressed drying thoroughly possible before using This considerable effect amount needed binEer built Ee dryinE comprtments stoves desiEnedo CookinE including Indones still ceremony which powers provided involved Changing stove nEinE entire kitchen sometime entire culture If stoves source I Volunteers A ecnnc VITA Rhode Island Avenue Mr Rinier Maryland 20822 USA When I YashinEton summer Intermediate Technology Development Group EnEl putting touches major guide conserving stoves It should ilble Finally regrdinE Hans 3inerts report If contacts present whereabouts attempts Indonesia elsewhere follow recommend tions I would nterested inceely William E Knovland Man Fellow EK P S Phooupp1e Roed Poemerwonto students worked Paul Weatherly John Arnold surveys summer At speak K B linese friend slvinK kerosene burner Indonesi cooks Ive which somethinK I present these photor their rtistic merit evidence counteract commen development literature women ffleted burdens cookin third world As Ye world cookin Im convinced total truth I offer Ioed K exceptions There possibly others